descendant-or-self轴选取当前节点及其所有后代节点，如下使用descendant-or-self::*可选中自身及、、，而descendant轴不包含自身，self轴仅选自身，结合谓语可实现精准查询。
XPath的
descendant-or-self轴，顾名思义，包含当前节点自身，以及该节点的所有后代节点。可以理解为“我以及我的所有子孙”。
解决方案：
descendant-or-self轴在XPath表达式中非常实用，它允许你从一个节点开始，选取该节点及其所有后代节点。这在处理层级结构的XML或HTML文档时尤其有用。
如何更准确理解descendant-or-self轴？
简单来说，
descendant-or-self::node()会选取当前节点以及当前节点下的所有节点，无论这些节点嵌套多少层。 想象一棵树，
descendant-or-self会选取树根（当前节点）以及树上的所有枝干和叶子（所有后代节点）。
举个例子，假设我们有以下XML片段：
Everyday Italian Giada De Laurentiis
如果当前节点是
，那么
descendant-or-self::*将会选取
,
,
</pre>, <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><author></pre>这四个节点。 <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">*</pre> 是通配符，表示选取所有类型的节点。 如果我们使用 <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self::title</pre>， 那么只会选取 <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><title></pre> 节点。</p> <h3>descendant-or-self轴与其他轴的<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="区别" href="https://www.php.cn/zt/27988.html" target="_blank">区别</a>是什么？</h3> <p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre> 轴经常与 <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant</pre> 轴混淆。<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant</pre> 轴只选取当前节点的所有后代节点，不包括当前节点自身。 还是用上面的例子，如果当前节点是<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><bookstore></pre>，那么<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant::*</pre>将会选取<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><book></pre>, <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><title></pre>, <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><author></pre>这三个节点，而不会选取<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><bookstore></pre>自身。</p> <p>另外，<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">self</pre>轴只选取当前节点自身。 如果当前节点是<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><bookstore></pre>，那么<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">self::*</pre>只会选取<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><bookstore></pre>。</p><div class="aritcle_card flexRow"> <div class="artcardd flexRow"> <a class="aritcle_card_img" href="/ai/1098" title="怪兽AI数字人"><img src="https://img.php.cn/upload/ai_manual/000/000/000/175680092332148.png" alt="怪兽AI数字人"></a> <div class="aritcle_card_info flexColumn"> <a href="/ai/1098" title="怪兽AI数字人">怪兽AI数字人</a> <p>数字人短视频创作，数字人直播，实时驱动数字人</p> </div> <a href="/ai/1098" title="怪兽AI数字人" class="aritcle_card_btn flexRow flexcenter"><b></b><span>下载</span> </a> </div> </div> <p>理解这些轴之间的区别，对于编写精确的XPath表达式至关重要。</p> <h3>在实际应用中，如何高效使用descendant-or-self轴？</h3> <p>在实际应用中，<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre>轴可以用来搜索特定类型的节点，或者查找具有特定属性的节点。 例如，假设我们想要选取所有包含<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">title</pre>标签的节点（包括作为顶层节点和后代节点），可以使用以下XPath表达式：</p><pre class='brush:xpath;toolbar:false;'>//descendant-or-self::title</pre><p>这个表达式会选取文档中所有名为<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">title</pre>的节点。</p> <p>另一个例子，假设我们想选取所有具有<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">lang</pre>属性的节点，可以使用以下XPath表达式：</p><pre class='brush:xpath;toolbar:false;'>//descendant-or-self::*[@lang]</pre><p>这个表达式会选取文档中所有具有<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">lang</pre>属性的节点，无论它们是什么类型。 <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">[@lang]</pre> 是一个<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="属性选择器" href="https://www.php.cn/zt/70573.html" target="_blank">属性选择器</a>，表示选取具有<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">lang</pre>属性的节点。</p> <p>此外， 结合<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">descendant-or-self</pre>和谓语（p<a style="color:#f60; text-decoration:underline;" title="red" href="https://www.php.cn/zt/122037.html" target="_blank">red</a>icate）可以实现更复杂的查询。 谓语是放在方括号 <pre 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