MySQL备份与恢复之percona-xtrabackup软件的使用_MySQL

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发布时间：2016-06-01 13:27:00

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一使用percona-xtrabackup的原因

在前面，我们讲到MySQL冷备、热备、mysqldump、热拷贝、保证数据的一致性。因为mysql冷备、mysqldump、mysql热拷贝均不能实现增量备份，在实际环境中增量备份是使用较多的，percona-xtrabackup就是为实现增量备份而生，因此我们需要使用percona-xtrabackup。

本文讲解percona-xtrabackup软件的使用，下一篇文章讲解percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复。

二什么是percona-xtrabackup

Percona XtraBackup is an open-source hot backup utility for MySQL -based servers that doesn’t lock your database during the backup.

It can back up data from InnoDB, XtraDB,and MyISAM tableson MySQL 5.1 [1], 5.5 and5.6 servers, as well as Percona Server with XtraDB.For a high-level overview of many of its advanced features, including a featurecomparison, please see AboutPercona Xtrabackup.

Whether it is a 24x7 highly loaded server or alow-transaction-volume environment, Percona XtraBackup isdesigned to make backups a seamless procedure without disrupting theperformance of the server in a production environment.Commercial support contracts areavailable.

Percona XtraBackup is a combination of the xtrabackup C program,and the innobackupex Perl script. The xtrabackupprogramcopies and manipulates InnoDB and XtraDB datafiles, and the Perl script enables enhanced functionality,such as interacting with a running MySQL server and backing up MyISAM tables.

三软件及文档获取

软件获取

http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup/downloads

http://download.csdn.net/detail/wentasy/6638171

文档获取

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家电公司网站源码是一个以米拓为核心进行开发的家电商城网站模板，程序采用metinfo5.3.9 UTF8进行编码，软件包含完整栏目与数据。安装方法：解压上传到空间，访问域名进行安装，安装好后，到后台-安全与效率-数据备份还原，恢复好数据后到设置-基本信息和外观-电脑把网站名称什么的改为自己的即可。默认后台账号：admin 密码：132456注意：如本地测试中127.0.0.1无法正常使用，请换成l

下载

http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.1/

http://download.csdn.net/detail/wentasy/6638029

四软件使用讲解

注：本文采用的percona-xtrabackup版本为2.0.2，操作系统版本为RHEL 6.1 Server，MySQL版本为5.1

第一步，准备文件并拷贝文件

[root@larrywen ule-mysql]# ll percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3786628 Sep 10 13:45 percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm[root@larrywen ule-mysql]# scp percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm 192.168.1.11:/opt

第二步，该软件需要依赖MySQL客户端，所以使用yum安装。注意，此处安装的只是MySQL的客户端，和本身使用源码安装的MySQL不冲突

[root@serv01 opt]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm -yInstalled:  percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 0:2.0.2-461.rhel6                                                                                         Dependency Installed:  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.52-1.el6_0.1

第三步，初始化备份

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 /databackup/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.……innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44'innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 7312130910 21:50:03  innobackupex: completed OK!

第四步，这样的备份文件无法使用，我们需要做统一检查

[root@serv01 databackup]# lltotal 4drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 21:50 2013-09-10_21-49-44#做统一检查[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log /databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.……xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1130910 21:51:52  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...130910 21:51:56  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2098188130910 21:51:56  innobackupex: completed OK!

第五步，模拟数据丢失

[root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*[root@serv01 databackup]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/total 0

第六步，恢复数据

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --copy-back /databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.……innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB system tablespaceinnobackupex: in '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44'innobackupex: back to original InnoDB data directory '/usr/local/mysql/data'innobackupex: Copying file '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/ibdata1'innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB log filesinnobackupex: in '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44'innobackupex: back to original InnoDB log directory '/usr/local/mysql/data'innobackupex: Finished copying back files.130910 22:02:29  innobackupex: completed OK!

第七步，重启mysql服务，发现报错，pkill掉，然后启动一切正常

[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).#查看恢复的数据目录，拥有者和所属组不是mysql用户，我们更改拥有者和所属组[root@serv01 databackup]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/total 18468drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 gamedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 hello-rw-r-----. 1 root  root  18874368 Sep 10 21:51 ibdata1drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 larrydbdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 mntdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 mysql-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql        0 Sep 10 22:02 mysql-bin.indexdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 performance_schema-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root       771 Sep 10 22:02 serv01.host.com.errdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root      4096 Sep 10 22:02 test-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root        24 Sep 10 22:02 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb[root@serv01 databackup]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/ -R#再次启动，仍然失败，我们杀掉进程，再次启动mysql，正常[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).[root@serv01 databackup]# ps -ef | grep mysqlroot      2386     1  0 18:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pidmysql     2664  2386  0 18:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306root      3022  1490  0 19:39 pts/0    00:00:00 mysql -uroot -px xxxxroot      5021  3040  0 22:05 pts/2    00:00:00 grep mysql[root@serv01 databackup]# pkill -9 mysql[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld startStarting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distributionmysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || game               || hello              || larrydb            || mnt                || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

五参考资料

http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.1/

  我的邮箱：wgbno27@163.com  新浪微博：@jutdb           微信公众平台：JustOracle（微信号：justoracle）  数据库技术交流群：336882565（加群时验证 From CSDN XXX）  All is well  2013年12月1日  By Larry Wen

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