一、 架构
二、 安装Mysql server
下面以在DB1（192.168.0.10）的配置为例，DB2的配置基本一样，只要修改my.cnf中的server_id =2
1. 安装mysql-server
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db1# apt-get install mysql-server |
注：
? 如果安装有问题，执行apt-getupdate更新源后再重试
? 安装过程中需要输入root密码，设置后记住（123456）
2. 验证数据库安装
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db1# mysql -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 42 Server version: 5.5.38-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. (db1)mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) (db1)mysql> |
3. 创建测试数据库
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CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */; USE `test`; /*Table structure for table `user` */ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL, `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; |
此步骤略
4. my.cnf配置修改
以下红色部分为修改的配置
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The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
# This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 bind-address =0.0.0.0 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error log - should be very few entries. # log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem server_id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log log_bin_index = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log.index relay_log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin relay_log_index = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.index expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M log_slave_updates = 1 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 1 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ |
5. 创建三种角色的用户
表格 1
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角色 |
功能 |
权限 |
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monitor user |
MMM（Multi-Master replication manager of MYSQL）监控各主控的健康状况 |
REPLICATION CLIENT |
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agent user |
MMM代理用来设置只读属性，复制主控等 |
SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS |
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replicate user |
用来复制 |
REPLICATION SLAVE |
表格 2
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(db1)mysql> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'mmm_monitor'@'115.29.198.150' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(db1)mysql> GRANT SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO 'mmm_agent'@'42.96.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(db1)mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'42.96.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) |
三、 同步DB1和DB2数据库
首先假设DB1包含正确的数据（即使是空数据库），进行DB1和DB2直接的数据同步。
1. 以下在DB1所在服务器上执行数据导出
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(db1)mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; (db1)mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 616 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (db1)mysql> |
2. 另开一个命令窗口导出数据
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(db1)# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > /tmp/database-backup.sql |
3. 解锁第一个窗口
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(db1)mysql> UNLOCK TABLES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(db1)mysql> |
4. 将DB1导出的数据导入DB2
1) 拷贝到DB2
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(db1)# scp database-backup.sql root@192.168.0.11:/tmp/ The authenticity of host '192.168.0.11 (192.168.0.11)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 55:84:03:9e:d9:74:cc:cd:03:59:23:3f:df:d9:77:a5. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.11' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.0.11's password: database-backup.sql 100% 528KB 527.9KB/s 00:00 (db1):/tmp# |
2) 导入DB2
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(db2)# mysql -u root -p Enter password: (db2)# |
3) 应用权限
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(db2)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) |
4) 拷贝debian.cnf
将/etc/mysql/debian.cnf 从 DB1拷贝到DB2, 这个文件是用来启动和关闭mysql用的。
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(db1)# scp debian.cnf root@192.168.0.11:/tmp/ |
在DB2上备份原来的debian.cnf，然后使用从DB1拷贝过来的debian.cnf
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(db2)# mv /etc/mysql/debian.cnf /etc/mysql/debian.cnf.orign (db2)# cp -f debian.cnf /etc/mysql/debian.cnf |
上述步骤完成后准备工作都做好了，可以开始配置复制。
四、 复制配置
1. 在DB2上执行：
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(db2)mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO master_host='192.168.0.10', master_port=3306, master_user='replication', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos=616; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) |
注：master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos=616 信息来自于在DB1上执行
mysql> show master status;
2. 在DB2上启动SLAVE
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(db2)mysql> START SLAVE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) |
3. DB2上检查复制进程
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(db2)mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.0.10 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 616 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 616 Relay_Log_Space: 409 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
4. 配置从DB2复制到DB1
1) DB2状态
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(db2)mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 107 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> |
2) DB1复制的配置、启动和检查
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(db1)mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO master_host = '192.168.0.11', master_port=3306, master_user='replication', -> master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', master_log_pos=107; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> START SLAVE; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.0.11 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_Space: 409 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 2 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> |
上述步骤完成MASTER-MASTER的复制配置，下面进行测试。
五、 复制验证
1. 在DB1上插入一条数据
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(db1)mysql> select * from user; Empty set (0.00 sec) (db1)mysql> insert into user(name,age) values('user1',20); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) (db1)mysql> |
2. 在DB2上检查
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(db2)mysql> select * from user; Empty set (0.00 sec) (db2)mysql> select * from user; +-------+------+ | name | age | +-------+------+ | user1 | 20 | +-------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (db2)mysql> |
表面在DB1插入的（user1,20）这条记录已经被复制到DB2中。
3. 在DB2上插入一条数据
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(db2)mysql> insert into user(name,age) values('user2',30); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec |
4. 在DB1上进行检查
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(db1)mysql> select * from user; +-------+------+ | name | age | +-------+------+ | user1 | 20 | | user2 | 30 | +-------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
表面在DB2插入的（user2,30）这条记录已经被复制到DB1中。
上述测试表面，DB1DB2的MM配置完全成功。
