利用HTML5 Canvas制作一个简单的打飞机游戏_html5教程技巧

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发布时间：2016-05-16 15:46:34

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来源于php中文网

原创

之前在当耐特的demo里看到个打飞机的游戏，然后就把他的图片和音频扒了了下来。。。。自己凭着玩的心情重新写了一个。仅供娱乐哈。。。。。。我没有用框架，所有js都是自己写的。。。。。。所以就可以来当个简单的教程，对那些刚玩canvas的，或许能有些帮助，楼主玩canvas也不是很久，技术不是很好，请见谅哈。

　　闲话不多说，先上DEMO撒：飞机游戏楼主写这个人纯碎娱乐，没想着写成多正式的游戏哈。

　　步入主题啦：打飞机游戏文件有index.html入口文件，allSprite.js精灵的逻辑处理文件，loading.js加载处理文件以及data.js（初始化的一些数据）。

　　首先，正常的游戏基本上都需要一个loading，loading页面就是用来预加载数据的，包括精灵表图片，音频等，因为这是个小游戏，要加载的就只有一些音频和图片。里面的加载代码主要就下面这些，其他是制作loading动画的，那个比较简单，就不贴了，如果有兴趣的直接在DEMO里看控制台就行了：

XML/HTML Code复制内容到剪贴板

loadImg:function(datas){
var _this = this;
var dataIndex = 0;
li();
function li(){
if(datas[dataIndex].indexOf("mp3")>=0){
var audio = document.createElement("audio");
document.body.appendChild(audio);
audio.preload = "auto";
audio.src = datas[dataIndex];
audio.oncanplaythrough = function(){
this.oncanplaythrough = null;
dataIndex++;
if(dataIndex===datas.length){
_this.percent = 100;
}else {
_this.percent = parseInt(dataIndex/datas.length*100);
li.call(_this);
}
}
}else {
preLoadImg(datas[dataIndex] , function(){
dataIndex++;
if(dataIndex===datas.length){
_this.percent = 100;
} else {
_this.percent = parseInt(dataIndex/datas.length*100);
li.call(_this);
}
})
}
}
},
//再贴出preLoadImg的方法
function preLoadImg(src , callback){
var img = new Image();
img.src = src;
if(img.complete){
callback.call(img);
}else {
img.onload = function(){
callback.call(img);
}
}
}

我先在data.js里面用一个数组保存文件的链接，然后判断这些链接是图片还是音频，如果是图片就用preLoadImg加载，预加载图片的代码很简单，就是new一个图片对象，然后把链接赋给它，加载完后再回调。音频的加载则是通过生成一个HTML5的audio dom对象，把链接赋给它，audio有一个事件“canplaythrough”，浏览器预计能够在不停下来进行缓冲的情况下持续播放指定的音频/视频时，会发生 canplaythrough 事件，也就是说当canplaythrough被调用时，音频就已经被加载的差不多了，可以进行下一个音频的加载了。就这样当把所有东西都加载完后，再进行回调，开始游戏。

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　　游戏开始了，一个游戏，会需要很多的对象，所以我就统一写成了一个精灵对象，不同对象之间的每一帧的运动情况直接用behavior来分别编写就行了。

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XML/HTML Code复制内容到剪贴板

W.Sprite = function(name , painter , behaviors , args){
if(name !== undefined) this.name = name;
if(painter !== undefined) this.painter = painter;
this.top = 0;
this.left = 0;
this.width = 0;
this.height = 0;
this.velocityX = 3;
this.velocityY = 2;
this.visible = true;
this.animating = false;
this.behaviors = behaviors;
this.rotateAngle = 0;
this.blood = 50;
this.fullBlood = 50;
if(name==="plan"){
this.rotateSpeed = 0.05;
this.rotateLeft = false;
this.rotateRight = false;
this.fire = false;
this.firePerFrame = 10;
this.fireLevel = 1;
}else if(name==="star"){
this.width = Math.random()*2;
this.speed = 1*this.width/2;
this.lightLength = 5;
this.cacheCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
thisthis.cacheCtx = this.cacheCanvas.getContext('2d');
thisthis.cacheCanvas.width = this.width+this.lightLength*2;
thisthis.cacheCanvas.height = this.width+this.lightLength*2;
this.painter.cache(this);
}else if(name==="badPlan"){
this.badKind = 1;
this.speed = 2;
this.rotateAngle = Math.PI;
}else if(name==="missle"){
this.width = missleWidth;
}else if(name==="boom"){
this.width = boomWidth;
}else if(name==="food"){
this.width = 40;
this.speed = 3;
this.kind = "LevelUP"
}
this.toLeft = false;
this.toTop = false;
this.toRight = false;
this.toBottom = false;
this.outArcRadius = Math.sqrt((this.width/2*this.width/2)*2);
if(args){
for(var arg in args){
this[arg] = args[arg];
}
}
}
Sprite.prototype = {
constructor:Sprite,
paint:function(){
if(this.name==="badPlan"){this.update();}
if(this.painter !== undefined && this.visible){
if(this.name!=="badPlan") {
this.update();
}
if(this.name==="plan"||this.name==="missle"||this.name==="badPlan"){
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(this.left , this.top);
ctx.rotate(this.rotateAngle);
this.painter.paint(this);
ctx.restore();
}else {
this.painter.paint(this);
}
}
},
update:function(time){
if(this.behaviors){
for(var i=0;ithis.behaviors.length;i++){
this.behaviors[i].execute(this,time);
}
}
}
}

写出精灵类后，就可以通过编写每个的painter以及behavior来生成不同的对象了。接下来就是写painter了，painter分成两种，一种是普通的painter，一种就是精灵表painter，因为像爆炸动画，飞机开枪动画，都不是一张图片就能搞定的，所以就需要用到精灵表了：
2015511181456172.png (168×24)

2015511181533636.png (896×64)

而绘制这些就要为他们定制一个精灵表绘制器，下面这个是最简单的精灵表绘制器，针对游戏的复杂性可以相对的修改精灵表写法，直到合适，不过原理都大同小异，就是小修小改而已：

XML/HTML Code复制内容到剪贴板

var SpriteSheetPainter = function(cells){
this.cells = cells || [];
this.cellIndex = 0;
}
SpriteSheetPainter.prototype = {
advance:function(){
if(this.cellIndex === this.cells.length-1){
this.cellIndex = 0;
}
else this.cellIndex++;
},
paint:function(sprite){
var cell = this.cells[this.cellIndex];
context.drawImage(spritesheet , cell.x , cell.y , cell.w , cell.h , sprite.left , sprite.top , cell.w , cell.h);
}
}

而普通的绘制器就更简单了，直接写一个painter，把要画的什么东西都写进去就行了。

有了精灵类和精灵表绘制器后，我们就可以把星星，飞机，子弹，爆炸对象都写出来了：下面是整个allSprite.js的代码：

JavaScript Code复制内容到剪贴板

(function(W){
"use strict"
var planWidth = 24,
planHeight = 24,
missleWidth = 70,
missleHeight = 70,
boomWidth = 60;
//精灵类
W.Sprite = function(name , painter , behaviors , args){
if(name !== undefined) this.name = name;
if(painter !== undefined) this.painter = painter;
this.top = 0;
this.left = 0;
this.width = 0;
this.height = 0;
this.velocityX = 3;
this.velocityY = 2;
this.visible = true;
this.animating = false;
this.behaviors = behaviors;
this.rotateAngle = 0;
this.blood = 50;
this.fullBlood = 50;
if(name==="plan"){
this.rotateSpeed = 0.05;
this.rotateLeft = false;
this.rotateRight = false;
this.fire = false;
this.firePerFrame = 10;
this.fireLevel = 1;
}else if(name==="star"){
this.width = Math.random()*2;
this.speed = 1*this.width/2;
this.lightLength = 5;
this.cacheCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
this.cacheCtx = this.cacheCanvas.getContext('2d');
this.cacheCanvas.width = this.width+this.lightLength*2;
this.cacheCanvas.height = this.width+this.lightLength*2;
this.painter.cache(this);
}else if(name==="badPlan"){
this.badKind = 1;
this.speed = 2;
this.rotateAngle = Math.PI;
}else if(name==="missle"){
this.width = missleWidth;
}else if(name==="boom"){
this.width = boomWidth;
}else if(name==="food"){
this.width = 40;
this.speed = 3;
this.kind = "LevelUP"
}
this.toLeft = false;
this.toTop = false;
this.toRight = false;
this.toBottom = false;
this.outArcRadius = Math.sqrt((this.width/2*this.width/2)*2);
if(args){
for(var arg in args){
this[arg] = args[arg];
}
}
}
Sprite.prototype = {
constructor:Sprite,
paint:function(){
if(this.name==="badPlan"){this.update();}
if(this.painter !== undefined && this.visible){
if(this.name!=="badPlan") {
this.update();
}
if(this.name==="plan"||this.name==="missle"||this.name==="badPlan"){
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(this.left , this.top);
ctx.rotate(this.rotateAngle);
this.painter.paint(this);
ctx.restore();
}else {
this.painter.paint(this);
}
}
},
update:function(time){
if(this.behaviors){
for(var i=0;ithis.behaviors.length;i++){
this.behaviors[i].execute(this,time);
}
}
}
}
// 精灵表绘制器
W.SpriteSheetPainter = function(cells , isloop , endCallback , spritesheet){
this.cells = cells || [];
this.cellIndex = 0;
this.dateCount = null;
this.isloop = isloop;
this.endCallback = endCallback;
this.spritesheet = spritesheet;
}
SpriteSheetPainter.prototype = {
advance:function(){
this.cellIndex = this.isloop?(this.cellIndex===this.cells.length-1?0:this.cellIndex+1):(this.cellIndex+1);
},
paint:function(sprite){
if(this.dateCount===null){
this.dateCount = new Date();
}else {
var newd = new Date();
var tc = newd-this.dateCount;
if(tc>40){
this.advance();
this.dateCount = newd;
}
}
if(this.cellIndexthis.cells.length || this.isloop){
var cell = this.cells[this.cellIndex];
ctx.drawImage(this.spritesheet , cell.x , cell.y , cell.w , cell.h , sprite.left-sprite.width/2 , sprite.top-sprite.width/2 , cell.w , cell.h);
} else if(this.endCallback){
this.endCallback.call(sprite);
this.cellIndex = 0;
}
}
}
//特制飞机精灵表绘制器
W.controllSpriteSheetPainter = function(cells , spritesheet){
this.cells = cells || [];
this.cellIndex = 0;
this.dateCount = null;
this.isActive = false;
this.derection = true;
this.spritesheet = spritesheet;
}
controllSpriteSheetPainter.prototype = {
advance:function(){
if(this.isActive){
this.cellIndex++;
if(this.cellIndex === this.cells.length){
this.cellIndex = 0;
this.isActive = false;
}
}
},
paint:function(sprite){
if(this.dateCount===null){
this.dateCount = new Date();
}else {
var newd = new Date();
var tc = newd-this.dateCount;
if(tc>sprite.firePerFrame){
this.advance();
this.dateCount = newd;
}
}
var cell = this.cells[this.cellIndex];
ctx.drawImage(this.spritesheet , cell.x , cell.y , cell.w , cell.h , -planWidth/2 , -planHeight/2 , cell.w , cell.h);
}
}
W.planBehavior = [
{execute:function(sprite,time){
if(sprite.toTop){
sprite.top = sprite.top
}
if(sprite.toLeft){
sprite.left = sprite.left
}
if(sprite.toRight){
sprite.left = sprite.left>canvas.width-planWidth/2? sprite.left : sprite.left+sprite.velocityX;
}
if(sprite.toBottom){
sprite.top = sprite.top>canvas.height-planHeight/2? sprite.top : sprite.top+sprite.velocityY;
}
if(sprite.rotateLeft){
sprite.rotateAngle -= sprite.rotateSpeed;
}
if(sprite.rotateRight){
sprite.rotateAngle += sprite.rotateSpeed;