怎么通过Nginx定义Header头信息

通过修改nginx的conf文件，轻松达到自定义http header的目的。

Nginx 使用 ngx_headers_more 模块来增加、删除出站、入站的 Header 信息。默认该模块没有加入到 Nginx 的源码中，要想使用相关功能需要在编译 Nginx 时加入该模块。本人服务器中的 Nginx 在编译时没有加入该模块,使用 -V 查看当前 Nginx 的编译参数:

[root@z-dig ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: www.z-dig.com
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www \
--with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@z-dig ~]#

从官网下载模块:

[root@z-dig ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@z-dig src]# wget 、https://codeload.github.com/openresty/headers-more-nginx-module/zip/master\
 -O ./headers-more-nginx-module-master.zip
[root@z-dig src]# unzip headers-more-nginx-module-master.zip

重新编译 Nginx 前，请求 www.z-dig.com 的 Header 信息:

[root@KVM ~]# curl -I www.z-dig.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: www.z-dig.com
Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2016 11:25:15 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.17
Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie
Cache-Control: max-age=3, must-revalidate
WP-Super-Cache: Served supercache file from PHP

[root@KVM ~]#

现在重新编译 Nginx ,平滑更新:

[root@z-dig ~]# cd /usr/local/src/nginx
[root@z-dig nginx]# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
[root@z-dig nginx]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www \
--with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module \
--add-module=/usr/local/src/headers-more-nginx-module-master
[root@z-dig nginx]# make
[root@z-dig nginx]# make install
[root@z-dig nginx]# kill -s USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
[root@z-dig nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root      2017     1  0 Apr21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www       2018  2017  0 Apr21 ?        00:00:30 nginx: worker process     
root     21717  2017  0 19:41 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www      21718 21717  0 19:41 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process     
root     21856 18312  0 19:45 pts/2    00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@z-dig nginx]# kill -s WINCH `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`
[root@z-dig nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root      2017     1  0 Apr21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
root     21717  2017  0 19:41 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www      21718 21717  0 19:41 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process     
root     21943 18312  0 19:49 pts/2    00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@z-dig nginx]# kill -s QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`
[root@z-dig nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root     21717     1  0 19:41 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
www      21718 21717  0 19:41 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process     
root     22050 18312  0 19:54 pts/2    00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@z-dig nginx]#

到此 Nginx 已重新编译并平滑升级成功。

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在 Nginx 的配置文件中加入代码，将之前请求网站返回 Header 中的 X-Powered-By 和 WP-Super-Cache 删除:

more_clear_headers 'X-Powered-By';
more_clear_headers 'WP-Super-Cache';
[root@z-dig ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@z-dig ~]# nginx -s reload

再次请求查看效果:

[root@KVM ~]# curl -I www.z-dig.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: www.z-dig.com
Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2016 12:03:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie
Cache-Control: max-age=3, must-revalidate

[root@KVM ~]#

经测试已成功将请求返回中的 Header 指定信息删除。想了解 ngx_headers_more 的其他功能请访问项目官网。