前言
我们使用php开发web应用基本都是使用传统的lamp／lnmp模式来提供http服务，这种模式一般是同步且堵塞的，若我们想使用php开发一些高级的特性（例如：异步，非堵塞，网络服务器等），那么swoole无疑是最佳的选择，那什么是swoole呢？
PHP的异步、并行、高性能网络通信引擎，使用纯C语言编写，提供了 PHP语言的异步多线程服务器， 异步TCP/UDP网络客户端， 异步MySQL， 异步Redis， 数据库连接池， AsyncTask， 消息队列， 毫秒定时器， 异步文件读写， 异步DNS查询。 Swoole内置了 Http/WebSocket服务器端/ 客户端、 Http2.0服务器端/ 客户端。
简单的来说，Swoole是一个PHP扩展，实现了网络层的很多功能，应用场景非常广，下面列举几个例子简单介绍一下Swoole的应用。
推荐（免费）：swoole
安装
按照官方文档进行安装：Swoole官网，安装完后使用命令：
php -m
查看是否安装成功。注意：Swoole从2.0版本开始支持了内置协程，需使用PHP7。
基于TCP的邮件服务器
使用Swoole提供TCP服务，异步任务发送邮件。
邮件功能：
PHPMailer
PHP主代码：
'swoole.log',
'worker_num' => 4, // 4个工作进程
'task_worker_num' => 10, // 10个任务进程
];
$server = new swoole_server("127.0.0.1", 9501);
$server->set($setting);
$server->on('WorkerStart', array($object, 'onWorkerStart'));
$server->on('Connect', array($object, 'onConnect'));
$server->on('Receive', array($object, 'onReceive'));
$server->on('Close', array($object, 'onClose'));
$server->on('Task', array($object, 'onTask'));
$server->on('Finish', array($object, 'onFinish'));
$server->start();
class MailServer
{
/** @var Mail */
private $handle;
public function __construct()
{
require 'Mail.php'; // PHPMailer邮件服务类
}
public function onWorkerStart($server, $workerId)
{
$mailConfig = require 'MailConfig.php'; // 发件人信息，重启时会重新加载配置文件
$this->handle = new Mail($mailConfig);
}
public function onConnect($server, $fd, $reactorId)
{
}
public function onReceive($server, $fd, $reactorId, $data)
{
$return = [];
$dataArr = json_decode($data, true);
if (empty($dataArr) || empty($dataArr['address']) || empty($dataArr['subject']) || empty($dataArr['body'])) {
$return['code'] = -1;
$return['msg'] = '参数不能为空';
} else { // 参数校验成功
$server->task($data); // 投递一个任务
$return['code'] = 0;
$return['msg'] = '投递任务成功';
}
$server->send($fd, json_encode($return));
}
public function onTask($server, $taskId, $workerId, $data)
{
$data = json_decode($data, true);
$this->handle->send($data['address'], $data['subject'], $data['body']); // 发送邮件
}
public function onFinish($server, $task_id, $data)
{
}
public function onClose($server, $fd, $reactorId)
{
}
}发件人信息配置：
'smtp.qq.com',
'port' => '465',
'fromName' => 'Mr.litt',
'username' => '137057181@qq.com',
'password' => '',
];PHPMailer邮件服务类：
host = $config['host'];
!empty($config['port']) && $this->port = $config['port'];
!empty($config['fromName']) && $this->fromName = $config['fromName'];
!empty($config['username']) && $this->username = $config['username'];
!empty($config['password']) && $this->password = $config['password'];
if (empty($this->host) || empty($this->port) || empty($this->fromName) ||
empty($this->username) || empty($this->password)) {
throw new Exception('发件人信息错误');
}
}
public function send($address, $subject, $body)
{
if (empty($address) || empty($subject) || empty($body)) {
throw new Exception('收件人信息错误');
}
// 实例化PHPMailer核心类
$mail = new PHPMailer();
// 是否启用smtp的debug进行调试 开发环境建议开启 生产环境注释掉即可 默认关闭debug调试模式
$mail->SMTPDebug = 0;
// 使用smtp鉴权方式发送邮件
$mail->isSMTP();
// smtp需要鉴权 这个必须是true
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
// 链接邮箱的服务器地址
$mail->Host = $this->host;
// 设置使用ssl加密方式登录鉴权
$mail->SMTPSecure = 'ssl';
// 设置ssl连接smtp服务器的远程服务器端口号
$mail->Port = $this->port;
// 设置发送的邮件的编码
$mail->CharSet = 'UTF-8';
// 设置发件人昵称 显示在收件人邮件的发件人邮箱地址前的发件人姓名
$mail->FromName = $this->fromName;
// smtp登录的账号 QQ邮箱即可
$mail->Username = $this->username;
// smtp登录的密码 使用生成的授权码
$mail->Password = $this->password;
// 设置发件人邮箱地址 同登录账号
$mail->From = $this->username;
// 邮件正文是否为html编码 注意此处是一个方法
$mail->isHTML(true);
// 设置收件人邮箱地址
$mail->addAddress($address);
// 添加多个收件人 则多次调用方法即可
//$mail->addAddress('87654321@163.com');
// 添加该邮件的主题
$mail->Subject = $subject;
// 添加邮件正文
$mail->Body = $body;
// 为该邮件添加附件
//$mail->addAttachment('./example.pdf');
// 发送邮件 返回状态
$status = $mail->send();
return $status;
}
}注意事项：
- 修改发件人信息后，只需重启task_worker就生效，命令 kill -USER1 主进程PID。
- TCP客户端可使用swoole_client类来模拟。
- 短信、推送等异步任务同样适用于此场景。
基于WebSocket多房间聊天功能
使用Swoole提供WebSocket服务，使用Redis保存房间人员信息。
PHP主代码：
'swoole_ws.log',
'worker_num' => 4, // 4个工作进程
];
$ws = new swoole_websocket_server("127.0.0.1", 9502);
$ws->set($setting);
$ws->on('WorkerStart', array($object, 'onWorkerStart'));
$ws->on('open', array($object, 'onOpen'));
$ws->on('message', array($object, 'onMessage'));
$ws->on('close', array($object, 'onClose'));
$ws->start();
class ChatServer
{
/** @var Redis */
private $redis;
public function __construct()
{
echo "启动前清理数据\n";
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
if ($redis->ping() != '+PONG') {
echo "redis连接失败\n";exit;
}
$delKeys = $redis->keys('fd_*');
foreach ($delKeys as $key) {
$redis->del($key);
}
$delKeys = $redis->keys('roomId_*');
foreach ($delKeys as $key) {
$redis->del($key);
}
}
public function onWorkerStart($ws, $workerId)
{
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
if ($redis->ping() != '+PONG') {
echo "redis连接失败\n";
}
$this->redis = $redis;
}
public function onOpen($ws, $request)
{
echo "fd:{$request->fd} is open\n";
if (empty($request->get['roomId']) || empty($request->get['nick'])) {
$status = 'fail';
} else {
//建立身份关联
$this->redis->hSet("fd_".$request->fd, 'roomId', $request->get['roomId']);
$this->redis->hSet("fd_".$request->fd, 'nick', $request->get['nick']);
$this->redis->sAdd("roomId_".$request->get['roomId'], $request->fd);
$status = 'success';
}
$sendData = [
'cmd' => 'open',
'data' => [
'status' => $status
]
];
$ws->push($request->fd, json_encode($sendData));
}
public function onMessage($ws, $frame)
{
echo "fd:[$frame->fd}, Message: {$frame->data}\n";
if (!empty($frame->data)) {
$fdInfo = $this->redis->hGetAll("fd_".$frame->fd);
if (!empty($fdInfo['nick']) && !empty($fdInfo['roomId'])) {
$sendData = [
'cmd' => 'ReceiveMessage',
'data' => [
'nick' => $fdInfo['nick'],
'msg' => $frame->data,
]
];
$fdArr = $this->redis->sMembers("roomId_".$fdInfo['roomId']);
foreach ($fdArr as $fd) {
$ws->push($fd, json_encode($sendData));
}
}
}
}
public function onClose($ws, $fd, $reactorId)
{
echo "fd:{$fd} is closed\n";
//删除fd身份数据并在房间内移动该fd
$fdInfo = $this->redis->hGetAll("fd_".$fd);
if (!empty($fdInfo['roomId'])) {
$this->redis->sRem("roomId_".$fdInfo['roomId'], $fd);
}
$this->redis->del("fd_".$fd);
}
}注意事项：
1.Worker进程之间不能共享变量，这里使用Redis来共享数据。
2.Worker进程不能共用同一个Redis客户端，需要放到onWorkerStart中实例化。
3.客户端可使用JS内置等WebSokcet客户端，异步的PHP程序可使用Swoole\Http\Client，同步可以使用swoole/framework提供的同步WebSocket客户端。
基于HTTP的简易框架
使用Swoole提供HTTP服务，模拟官方Swoole框架实现一个简易框架。
PHP主代码：
'swoole_http.log',
'worker_num' => 4, // 4个工作进程
];
$server = new swoole_http_server("127.0.0.1", 9503);
$server->set($setting);
$server->on('request', array($object, 'onRequest'));
$server->on('close', array($object, 'onClose'));
$server->start();
/**
* Class AppServer
* @property \swoole_http_request $request
* @property \swoole_http_response $response
* @property \PDO $db
* @property \lib\Session $session
*/
class AppServer
{
private $module = [];
/** @var AppServer */
private static $instance;
public static function getInstance()
{
return self::$instance;
}
public function __construct()
{
$baseControllerFile = __DIR__ .'/controller/Base.php';
require_once "$baseControllerFile";
}
/**
* @param swoole_http_request $request
* @param swoole_http_response $response
*/
public function onRequest($request, $response)
{
$this->module['request'] = $request;
$this->module['response'] = $response;
self::$instance = $this;
list($controllerName, $methodName) = $this->route($request);
empty($controllerName) && $controllerName = 'index';
empty($methodName) && $methodName = 'index';
try {
$controllerClass = "\\controller\\" . ucfirst($controllerName);
$controllerFile = __DIR__ . "/controller/" . ucfirst($controllerName) . ".php";
if (!class_exists($controllerClass, false)) {
if (!is_file($controllerFile)) {
throw new Exception('控制器不存在');
}
require_once "$controllerFile";
}
$controller = new $controllerClass($this);
if (!method_exists($controller, $methodName)) {
throw new Exception('控制器方法不存在');
}
ob_start();
$return = $controller->$methodName();
$return .= ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
$this->session->end();
$response->end($return);
} catch (Exception $e) {
$response->status(500);
$response->end($e->getMessage());
}
}
private function route($request)
{
$pathInfo = explode('/', $request->server['path_info']);
return [$pathInfo[1], $pathInfo[2]];
}
public function onClose($server, $fd, $reactorId)
{
}
public function __get($name)
{
if (!in_array($name, array('request', 'response', 'db', 'session'))) {
return null;
}
if (empty($this->module[$name])) {
$moduleClass = "\\lib\\" . ucfirst($name);
$moduleFile = __DIR__ . '/lib/' . ucfirst($name) . ".php";
if (is_file($moduleFile)) {
require_once "$moduleFile";
$object = new $moduleClass;
$this->module[$name] = $object;
}
}
return $this->module[$name];
}
}使用header和setCooike示例：
response->status(302);
//使用此函数代替PHP的header函数
$this->response->header('Location', 'http://www.baidu.com/');
}
public function cookie()
{
$this->response->cookie('http_cookie','http_cookie_value');
}
}Session实现：
cookieKey = 'PHPSESSID';
$this->storeDir = 'tmp/';
$this->isStart = false;
}
public function start()
{
$this->isStart = true;
$appServer = \AppServer::getInstance();
$request = $appServer->request;
$response = $appServer->response;
$sessionId = $request->cookie[$this->cookieKey];
if (empty($sessionId)){
$sessionId = uniqid();
$response->cookie($this->cookieKey, $sessionId);
}
$this->sessionId = $sessionId;
$storeFile = $this->storeDir . $sessionId;
if (!is_file($storeFile)) {
touch($storeFile);
}
$session = $this->get($storeFile);
$_SESSION = $session;
}
public function end()
{
$this->save();
}
public function commit()
{
$this->save();
}
private function save()
{
if ($this->isStart) {
$data = json_encode($_SESSION);
ftruncate($this->file, 0);
if ($data) {
rewind($this->file);
fwrite($this->file, $data);
}
flock($this->file, LOCK_UN);
fclose($this->file);
}
}
private function get($fileName)
{
$this->file = fopen($fileName, 'c+b');
if(flock($this->file, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) {
$data = [];
clearstatcache();
if (filesize($fileName) > 0) {
$data = fread($this->file, filesize($fileName));
$data = json_decode($data, true);
}
return $data;
}
}
}注意事项：
- 使用Redis／MySQL等客户端理应使用线程池，参照官方Swoole框架。
- Swoole是在执行PHP文件这一阶段进行接管，因此header，setCooike，seesion_start不可用，header和setCooike可用$response变量实现，Session可自行实现。
- 推荐查看官方框架：Swoole框架。
总结
Swoole的应用远不如此，Swoole就像打开了PHP世界的新大门，我觉得每一位PHPer都应该学习和掌握Swoole的用法，能学到很多使用LAMP／LNMP模式时未涉及到的知识点。
