jQuery中关于bind()函数详解

<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, " microsoft yahei>相信很多接触过jquery的小伙伴对bind()函数一点都不陌生吧，但是很多小伙伴还不是很清bind()的含义与使用，bind()</span>函数用于为每个匹配元素的一个或多个事件绑定事件处理函数、今天我们就带大家详细介绍下jquery中关于bind()函数详解！

此外，你还可以额外传递给事件处理函数一些所需的数据。

执行bind()时，事件处理函数会绑定到每个匹配元素上。因此你使用bind()所有button元素绑定了click事件，是为当时文档中存在的每个button元素绑定click事件。如果之后你向文档中添加了新的button元素，绑定事件不会对其生效。如果你希望绑定事件对未来新添加的元素也生效，请使用on()、delegate()、live()等事件函数(尽量优先使用靠前的事件函数)。

此外，你可以为同一元素、同一事件类型绑定多个事件处理函数。触发事件时，jQuery会按照绑定的先后顺序依次执行绑定的事件处理函数。

要删除通过bind()绑定的事件，请使用unbind()函数。

该函数属于jQuery对象(实例)。

语法

bind()函数主要有以下两种形式的用法：

用法一：

jQueryObject.bind( events [, data ], handler )

用法二：jQuery 1.4.3 新增支持该用法。

jQueryObject.bind( events [, data ] [, isDefaultBubble ] )

用法三：jQuery 1.4 新增支持该用法。

jQueryObject.bind( eventsMap )

参数

关于参数events中可选的命名空间(1.4.3+才支持)，请参考最下面的示例代码。

参数handler中的this指向当前DOM元素。bind()还会为handler传入一个参数：表示当前事件的Event对象。

参数handler的返回值与DOM原生事件的处理函数返回值作用一致。例如submit(表单提交)事件的事件处理函数返回false，可以阻止表单的提交。

参数isDefaultBubble用于指示是否允许元素的默认行为和事件冒泡。如果该值为false，它将阻止元素的默认行为(例如：触发click事件的链接的默认跳转行为，触发submit事件的表单的默认提交行为)和事件的冒泡传递。

返回值

bind()函数的返回值为jQuery类型，返回当前jQuery对象本身。

示例&说明

以点击事件("click")为例，以下是jQuery中事件函数的常规用法(某些函数也存在其它形式的用法，此处暂不列出)：

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<span class="com">// 这里的选择器selector用于指定可以触发事件的元素<span class="pln"><br/>// 这里的选择器ancestor应是selector的祖辈元素，selector触发的事件可以被其祖辈元素在事件流中捕获，从而以"委托代理"的形式触发事件。<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// jQuery 1.0+ (1.4.3+支持参数data)<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"selector"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">click<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">[<span class="pln"> data <span class="pun">,]<span class="pln"> handler <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// jQuery 1.0+ (1.4.3+支持参数data)<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"selector"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">bind<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"click"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">[,<span class="pln"> data <span class="pun">],<span class="pln"> handler <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// jQuery 1.3+ (1.4+支持参数data)<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"selector"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">live<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"click"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">[,<span class="pln"> data <span class="pun">],<span class="pln"> handler <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// jQuery 1.4.2+<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"ancestor"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">delegate<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"selector"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"click"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">[,<span class="pln"> data <span class="pun">],<span class="pln"> handler <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// jQuery 1.7+<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"ancestor"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">on<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"click"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"selector"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">[,<span class="pln"> data <span class="pun">],<span class="pln"> handler <span class="pun">);</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

请参考下面这段初始HTML代码：

<span class="tag"><p<span class="pln"> <span class="atn">id<span class="pun">=<span class="atv">"n1"<span class="tag">><span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="tag"><p<span class="pln"> <span class="atn">id<span class="pun">=<span class="atv">"n2"<span class="tag">><span><span class="pln">CodePlayer<span class="tag"></span></p><span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="tag"><p<span class="pln"> <span class="atn">id<span class="pun">=<span class="atv">"n3"<span class="tag">><span><span class="pln">专注于编程开发技术分享<span class="tag"></span></p><span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="tag"><em<span class="pln"> <span class="atn">id<span class="pun">=<span class="atv">"n4"<span class="tag">><span class="pln">http://www.365mini.com<span class="tag"></em><span class="pln"><br/></p><span class="pln"><br/><p<span class="pln"> <span class="atn">id<span class="pun">=<span class="atv">"n5"<span class="tag">><span class="pln">Google<span class="tag"></p></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

我们为<p>中的所有<p>元素绑定点击事件：

<span class="com">//为p中的所有p元素的click事件绑定事件处理函数<span class="pln"><br/>//只有n2、n3可以触发该事件<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"p p"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">bind<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pun">(){<span class="pln"><br/>// 这里的this指向触发点击事件的p元素(Element)<span class="pln"><br/>    alert<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> $<span class="pun">(<span class="kwd">this<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">text<span class="pun">()<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/>});</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

运行代码(以下代码请自行复制到演示页面运行)

此外，我们还可以同时绑定多个事件，并为事件处理函数传递一些附加的数据，我们可以通过jQuery为事件处理函数传入的参数event(Event事件对象)来进行处理：

<span class="kwd">var<span class="pln"> obj <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln"> id<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="lit">5<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> name<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"王五"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">};<span class="pln"><br/><br/>//为n5绑定mouseenter mouseleave两个事件，并为其传入附加数据obj<span class="pln"><br/>// 附加数据可以是任意类型<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"#n5"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">bind<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"mouseenter mouseleave"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> obj<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">event<span class="pun">){<span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="kwd">var<span class="pln"> $me <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> $<span class="pun">(<span class="kwd">this<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="kwd">var<span class="pln"> obj <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> event<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">;<span class="pln"> <span class="com">// 这就是传入的附加数据<span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="kwd">if<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> event<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">type <span class="pun">==<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"mouseenter"<span class="pun">){<span class="pln"><br/>        $me<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">html<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"你好，"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">+<span class="pln"> obj<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">name <span class="pun">+<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"!"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/>    <span class="pun">}<span class="kwd">else<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">if<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">event<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">type <span class="pun">==<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"mouseleave"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">){<span class="pln"><br/>        $me<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">html<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"再见，"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">+<span class="pln"> obj<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">name <span class="pun">+<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"!"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">      <br/>    <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">           <br/><span class="pun">}<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">);</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

此外，如果符合条件的元素是bind()函数执行后新添加的，绑定事件不会对其生效。同样以初始HTML代码为例，我们可以编写如下jQuery代码：

<span class="com">//为p中的所有p元素的click事件绑定事件处理函数<span class="pln"><br/>//只有n2、n3可以触发该事件<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"p p"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">bind<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">event<span class="pun">){<span class="pln"><br/>    alert<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> $<span class="pun">(<span class="kwd">this<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">text<span class="pun">()<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/>});<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// 新添加的n6不会触发上述click事件<span class="pln"><br/>$<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"#n1"<span class="pun">).<span class="pln">append<span class="pun">(<span class="str">'<p id="n6">上述绑定的click事件不会对该元素也生效!</p>'<span class="pun">);</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

参数events还支持为事件类型附加额外的命名空间。当为同一元素绑定多个相同类型的事件处理函数时。使用命名空间，可以在触发事件、移除事件时限定触发或移除的范围。

<span class="kwd">function<span class="pln"> clickHandler<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">event<span class="pun">){<span class="pln"><br/>    alert<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"触发时的命名空间:["<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">+<span class="pln"> event<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">namespace <span class="pun">+<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"]"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/>}<span class="pln"><br/><br/>var<span class="pln"> $p <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> $<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"p"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// A：为所有p元素绑定click事件，定义在foo和bar两个命名空间下<span class="pln"><br/>$p<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">bind<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"click.foo.bar"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> clickHandler <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// B：为所有p元素绑定click事件，定义在test命名空间下<span class="pln"><br/>$p<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">bind<span class="pun">(<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"click.test"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> clickHandler <span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>var<span class="pln"> $n2 <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> $<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"#n2"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// 触发所有click事件<span class="pln"><br/>$n2<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">trigger<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"> <span class="com">// 触发A和B (event.namespace = "")<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// 触发定义在foo命名空间下的click事件<span class="pln"><br/>$n2<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">trigger<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click.foo"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"> <span class="com">// 触发A (event.namespace = "foo")<span class="pln"><br/>// 触发定义在bar命名空间下的click事件<span class="pln"><br/>$n2<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">trigger<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click.bar"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"> <span class="com">// 触发A (event.namespace = "bar")<span class="pln"><br/>// 触发同时定义在foo和bar两个命名空间下的click事件<span class="pln"><br/>$n2<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">trigger<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click.foo.bar"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"> <span class="com">// 触发A (event.namespace = "bar.foo")<span class="pln"><br/><br/>// 触发定义在test命名空间下的click事件<span class="pln"><br/>$n2<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">trigger<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"click.test"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln"> <span class="com">// 触发B (event.namespace = "test")</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

bind()函数的参数eventsMap是一个对象，可以"属性-值"的方式指定多个"事件类型-处理函数"。对应的示例代码如下：

var eventsMap = {
    "mouseenter": function(event){
        $(this).html( "Hello!");        
    },
    
    "mouseleave": function(event){
        $(this).html( "Bye!");
    }
};

//为n5绑定mouseenter mouseleave两个事件
$("#n5").bind( eventsMap );

总结：

本文使用示例代码详细的为大家分析了jQuery中关于bind()函数，相信大家对此也是有了进一步的了解，希望对你的工作有所帮助！

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