0

0

超级炫酷的HTML5 Canvas网络画板代码示例详解

黄舟

黄舟

发布时间:2017-03-09 15:54:38

|

2520人浏览过

|

来源于php中文网

原创

超级炫酷的HTML5 Canvas网络画板代码示例详解

在今天的html教程里,我们要学习一下如何使用html5 canvas实现一个超酷而又简单的网络画板功能。在这个教程中,我们可以选择笔刷的类型、笔刷的大小以及笔刷的颜色,当然作为画板还需要很多功能,这里只是最基本的绘制功能,大家可以自己实现类似矩形、椭圆等复杂元素的绘制。

html5-canvas-draw

你也可以再这里查看DEMO演示

下面我们来简单地分析一下实现这个HTML5网页画板的原理及代码,代码由HTML以及Javascript组成,主要还是Javascript代码。

HTML代码:

HTML代码非常简单,仅仅是构造了一个canvas容器,我们的画板就在这个地方生成。

Javascript代码:

首先我们通过一组变量来定义画板的样式,以及一些数据的初始化:

立即学习前端免费学习笔记(深入)”;

NexChatGPT
NexChatGPT

火爆全网的IDEA插件,支持IDEA全家桶

下载
var canvas;
var context;
var canvasWidth = 490;
var canvasHeight = 220;
var padding = 25;
var lineWidth = 8;
var colorPurple = "#cb3594";
var colorGreen = "#659b41";
var colorYellow = "#ffcf33";
var colorBrown = "#986928";
var outlineImage = new Image();
var crayonImage = new Image();
var markerImage = new Image();
var eraserImage = new Image();
var crayonBackgroundImage = new Image();
var markerBackgroundImage = new Image();
var eraserBackgroundImage = new Image();
var crayonTextureImage = new Image();
var clickX = new Array();
var clickY = new Array();
var clickColor = new Array();
var clickTool = new Array();
var clickSize = new Array();
var clickDrag = new Array();
var paint = false;
var curColor = colorPurple;
var curTool = "crayon";
var curSize = "normal";
var mediumStartX = 18;
var mediumStartY = 19;
var mediumImageWidth = 93;
var mediumImageHeight = 46;
var drawingAreaX = 111;
var drawingAreaY = 11;
var drawingAreaWidth = 267;
var drawingAreaHeight = 200;
var toolHotspotStartY = 23;
var toolHotspotHeight = 38;
var sizeHotspotStartY = 157;
var sizeHotspotHeight = 36;
var sizeHotspotWidthObject = new Object();
sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge = 39;
sizeHotspotWidthObject.large = 25;
sizeHotspotWidthObject.normal = 18;
sizeHotspotWidthObject.small = 16;
var totalLoadResources = 8;
var curLoadResNum = 0;

接下来开始准备画布,也就是初始化Canvas对象:

function prepareCanvas()
{
    // Create the canvas (Neccessary for IE because it doesn't know what a canvas element is)
    var canvasp = document.getElementById('canvasp');
    canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
    canvas.setAttribute('width', canvasWidth);
    canvas.setAttribute('height', canvasHeight);
    canvas.setAttribute('id', 'canvas');
    canvasp.appendChild(canvas);
    if(typeof G_vmlCanvasManager != 'undefined') {
        canvas = G_vmlCanvasManager.initElement(canvas);
    }
    context = canvas.getContext("2d"); // Grab the 2d canvas context
    // Note: The above code is a workaround for IE 8 and lower. Otherwise we could have used:
    //     context = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext("2d");

    // Load images
    // -----------
    crayonImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    crayonImage.src = "images/crayon-outline.png";
    //context.drawImage(crayonImage, 0, 0, 100, 100);

    markerImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    markerImage.src = "images/marker-outline.png";

    eraserImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    eraserImage.src = "images/eraser-outline.png";    

    crayonBackgroundImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    crayonBackgroundImage.src = "images/crayon-background.png";

    markerBackgroundImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    markerBackgroundImage.src = "images/marker-background.png";

    eraserBackgroundImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    eraserBackgroundImage.src = "images/eraser-background.png";

    crayonTextureImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    crayonTextureImage.src = "images/crayon-texture.png";

    outlineImage.onload = function() { resourceLoaded(); 
    };
    outlineImage.src = "images/watermelon-duck-outline.png";

    // Add mouse events
    // ----------------
    $('#canvas').mousedown(function(e)
    {
        // Mouse down location
        var mouseX = e.pageX - this.offsetLeft;
        var mouseY = e.pageY - this.offsetTop;

        if(mouseX < drawingAreaX) // Left of the drawing area
        {
            if(mouseX > mediumStartX)
            {
                if(mouseY > mediumStartY && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight){
                    curColor = colorPurple;
                }else if(mouseY > mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 2){
                    curColor = colorGreen;
                }else if(mouseY > mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 2 && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 3){
                    curColor = colorYellow;
                }else if(mouseY > mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 3 && mouseY < mediumStartY + mediumImageHeight * 4){
                    curColor = colorBrown;
                }
            }
        }
        else if(mouseX > drawingAreaX + drawingAreaWidth) // Right of the drawing area
        {
            if(mouseY > toolHotspotStartY)
            {
                if(mouseY > sizeHotspotStartY)
                {
                    var sizeHotspotStartX = drawingAreaX + drawingAreaWidth;
                    if(mouseY < sizeHotspotStartY + sizeHotspotHeight && mouseX > sizeHotspotStartX)
                    {
                        if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "huge";
                        }else if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.large + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "large";
                        }else if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.normal + 
                        sizeHotspotWidthObject.large + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "normal";
                        }else if(mouseX < sizeHotspotStartX + sizeHotspotWidthObject.small + 
                        sizeHotspotWidthObject.normal + sizeHotspotWidthObject.large + sizeHotspotWidthObject.huge){
                            curSize = "small";                        
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if(mouseY < toolHotspotStartY + toolHotspotHeight){
                        curTool = "crayon";
                    }else if(mouseY < toolHotspotStartY + toolHotspotHeight * 2){
                        curTool = "marker";
                    }else if(mouseY < toolHotspotStartY + toolHotspotHeight * 3){
                        curTool = "eraser";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else if(mouseY > drawingAreaY && mouseY < drawingAreaY + drawingAreaHeight)
        {
            // Mouse click location on drawing area
        }
        paint = true;
        addClick(mouseX, mouseY, false);
        redraw();
    });

    $('#canvas').mousemove(function(e){
        if(paint==true){
            addClick(e.pageX - this.offsetLeft, e.pageY - this.offsetTop, true);
            redraw();
        }
    });

    $('#canvas').mouseup(function(e){
        paint = false;
          redraw();
    });

    $('#canvas').mouseleave(function(e){
        paint = false;
    });
}

看起来很复杂,前面主要是初始化canvas的背景图片,后面主要是初始化画笔事件,像click、mouseup、mouseleave等鼠标事件。

下面是draw的主要方法:

function redraw()
{
    // Make sure required resources are loaded before redrawing
    if(curLoadResNum < totalLoadResources){ return; }

    clearCanvas();

    var locX;
    var locY;
    if(curTool == "crayon")
    {
        // Draw the crayon tool background
        context.drawImage(crayonBackgroundImage, 0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);

        // Purple
        locX = (curColor == colorPurple) ? 18 : 52;
        locY = 19;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 33);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 27);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 19);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 13);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorPurple;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorPurple){
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }

        // Green
        locX = (curColor == colorGreen) ? 18 : 52;
        locY += 46;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 33);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 27);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 19);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 13);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorGreen;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorGreen){
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }

        // Yellow
        locX = (curColor == colorYellow) ? 18 : 52;
        locY += 46;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 33);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 27);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 19);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 13);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorYellow;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorYellow){
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }

        // Yellow
        locX = (curColor == colorBrown) ? 18 : 52;
        locY += 46;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 35);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 33);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 27);
        context.lineTo(locX + 11, locY + 19);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 13);
        context.lineTo(locX + 29, locY + 11);
        context.lineTo(locX + 41, locY + 11);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorBrown;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorBrown){
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(crayonImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }
    }
    else if(curTool == "marker")
    {
        // Draw the marker tool background
        context.drawImage(markerBackgroundImage, 0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);

        // Purple
        locX = (curColor == colorPurple) ? 18 : 52;
        locY = 19;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 16);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 31);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorPurple;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorPurple){
            context.drawImage(markerImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(markerImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }

        // Green
        locX = (curColor == colorGreen) ? 18 : 52;
        locY += 46;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 16);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 31);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorGreen;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorGreen){
            context.drawImage(markerImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(markerImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }

        // Yellow
        locX = (curColor == colorYellow) ? 18 : 52;
        locY += 46;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 16);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 31);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorYellow;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorYellow){
            context.drawImage(markerImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(markerImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }

        // Yellow
        locX = (curColor == colorBrown) ? 18 : 52;
        locY += 46;

        context.beginPath();
        context.moveTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 10, locY + 24);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 16);
        context.lineTo(locX + 22, locY + 31);
        context.closePath();
        context.fillStyle = colorBrown;
        context.fill();    

        if(curColor == colorBrown){
            context.drawImage(markerImage, locX, locY, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);
        }else{
            context.drawImage(markerImage, 0, 0, 59, mediumImageHeight, locX, locY, 59, mediumImageHeight);
        }
    }
    else if(curTool == "eraser")
    {
        context.drawImage(eraserBackgroundImage, 0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
        context.drawImage(eraserImage, 18, 19, mediumImageWidth, mediumImageHeight);    
    }else{
        alert("Error: Current Tool is undefined");
    }

    if(curSize == "small"){
        locX = 467;
    }else if(curSize == "normal"){
        locX = 450;
    }else if(curSize == "large"){
        locX = 428;
    }else if(curSize == "huge"){
        locX = 399;
    }
    locY = 189;
    context.beginPath();
    context.rect(locX, locY, 2, 12);
    context.closePath();
    context.fillStyle = '#333333';
    context.fill();    

    // Keep the drawing in the drawing area
    context.save();
    context.beginPath();
    context.rect(drawingAreaX, drawingAreaY, drawingAreaWidth, drawingAreaHeight);
    context.clip();

    var radius;
    var i = 0;
    for(; i < clickX.length; i++)
    {        
        if(clickSize[i] == "small"){
            radius = 2;
        }else if(clickSize[i] == "normal"){
            radius = 5;
        }else if(clickSize[i] == "large"){
            radius = 10;
        }else if(clickSize[i] == "huge"){
            radius = 20;
        }else{
            alert("Error: Radius is zero for click " + i);
            radius = 0;    
        }

        context.beginPath();
        if(clickDrag[i] && i){
            context.moveTo(clickX[i-1], clickY[i-1]);
        }else{
            context.moveTo(clickX[i], clickY[i]);
        }
        context.lineTo(clickX[i], clickY[i]);
        context.closePath();

        if(clickTool[i] == "eraser"){
            //context.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-out"; // To erase instead of draw over with white
            context.strokeStyle = 'white';
        }else{
            //context.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";    // To erase instead of draw over with white
            context.strokeStyle = clickColor[i];
        }
        context.lineJoin = "round";
        context.lineWidth = radius;
        context.stroke();

    }
    //context.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";// To erase instead of draw over with white
    context.restore();

    // Overlay a crayon texture (if the current tool is crayon)
    if(curTool == "crayon"){
        context.globalAlpha = 0.4; // No IE support
        context.drawImage(crayonTextureImage, 0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
    }
    context.globalAlpha = 1; // No IE support

    // Draw the outline image
    context.drawImage(outlineImage, drawingAreaX, drawingAreaY, drawingAreaWidth, drawingAreaHeight);
}

其实HTML5说白了还是需要很多Javascript支持,不过Canvas非常不错,可以让你在上面自由地绘制图形和动画。这款基于HTML5 Canvas的网页画板就是一个很好的例子。源代码下载>>





相关文章

HTML速学教程(入门课程)
HTML速学教程(入门课程)

HTML怎么学习?HTML怎么入门?HTML在哪学?HTML怎么学才快?不用担心,这里为大家提供了HTML速学教程(入门课程),有需要的小伙伴保存下载就能学习啦!

下载

相关标签:

本站声明:本文内容由网友自发贡献,版权归原作者所有,本站不承担相应法律责任。如您发现有涉嫌抄袭侵权的内容,请联系admin@php.cn

热门AI工具

更多
DeepSeek
DeepSeek

幻方量化公司旗下的开源大模型平台

豆包大模型
豆包大模型

字节跳动自主研发的一系列大型语言模型

通义千问
通义千问

阿里巴巴推出的全能AI助手

腾讯元宝
腾讯元宝

腾讯混元平台推出的AI助手

文心一言
文心一言

文心一言是百度开发的AI聊天机器人,通过对话可以生成各种形式的内容。

讯飞写作
讯飞写作

基于讯飞星火大模型的AI写作工具,可以快速生成新闻稿件、品宣文案、工作总结、心得体会等各种文文稿

即梦AI
即梦AI

一站式AI创作平台,免费AI图片和视频生成。

ChatGPT
ChatGPT

最最强大的AI聊天机器人程序,ChatGPT不单是聊天机器人,还能进行撰写邮件、视频脚本、文案、翻译、代码等任务。

相关专题

更多
全国统一发票查询平台入口合集
全国统一发票查询平台入口合集

本专题整合了全国统一发票查询入口地址合集,阅读专题下面的文章了解更多详细入口。

19

2026.02.03

短剧入口地址汇总
短剧入口地址汇总

本专题整合了短剧app推荐平台,阅读专题下面的文章了解更多详细入口。

27

2026.02.03

植物大战僵尸版本入口地址汇总
植物大战僵尸版本入口地址汇总

本专题整合了植物大战僵尸版本入口地址汇总,前往文章中寻找想要的答案。

15

2026.02.03

c语言中/相关合集
c语言中/相关合集

本专题整合了c语言中/的用法、含义解释。阅读专题下面的文章了解更多详细内容。

3

2026.02.03

漫蛙漫画网页版入口与正版在线阅读 漫蛙MANWA官网访问专题
漫蛙漫画网页版入口与正版在线阅读 漫蛙MANWA官网访问专题

本专题围绕漫蛙漫画(Manwa / Manwa2)官网网页版入口进行整理,涵盖漫蛙漫画官方主页访问方式、网页版在线阅读入口、台版正版漫画浏览说明及基础使用指引,帮助用户快速进入漫蛙漫画官网,稳定在线阅读正版漫画内容,避免误入非官方页面。

13

2026.02.03

Yandex官网入口与俄罗斯搜索引擎访问指南 Yandex中文登录与网页版入口
Yandex官网入口与俄罗斯搜索引擎访问指南 Yandex中文登录与网页版入口

本专题汇总了俄罗斯知名搜索引擎 Yandex 的官网入口、免登录访问地址、中文登录方法与网页版使用指南,帮助用户稳定访问 Yandex 官网,并提供一站式入口汇总。无论是登录入口还是在线搜索,用户都能快速获取最新稳定的访问链接与使用指南。

114

2026.02.03

Java 设计模式与重构实践
Java 设计模式与重构实践

本专题专注讲解 Java 中常用的设计模式,包括单例模式、工厂模式、观察者模式、策略模式等,并结合代码重构实践,帮助学习者掌握 如何运用设计模式优化代码结构,提高代码的可读性、可维护性和扩展性。通过具体示例,展示设计模式如何解决实际开发中的复杂问题。

3

2026.02.03

C# 并发与异步编程
C# 并发与异步编程

本专题系统讲解 C# 异步编程与并发控制,重点介绍 async 和 await 关键字、Task 类、线程池管理、并发数据结构、死锁与线程安全问题。通过多个实战项目,帮助学习者掌握 如何在 C# 中编写高效的异步代码,提升应用的并发性能与响应速度。

2

2026.02.03

Python 强化学习与深度Q网络(DQN)
Python 强化学习与深度Q网络(DQN)

本专题深入讲解 Python 在强化学习(Reinforcement Learning)中的应用,重点介绍 深度Q网络(DQN) 及其实现方法,涵盖 Q-learning 算法、深度学习与神经网络的结合、环境模拟与奖励机制设计、探索与利用的平衡等。通过构建一个简单的游戏AI,帮助学习者掌握 如何使用 Python 训练智能体在动态环境中作出决策。

3

2026.02.03

热门下载

更多
网站特效
/
网站源码
/
网站素材
/
前端模板

精品课程

更多
相关推荐
/
热门推荐
/
最新课程
HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript/ES6入门课程
HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript/ES6入门课程

共102课时 | 6.9万人学习

HTML+CSS基础与实战
HTML+CSS基础与实战

共132课时 | 10.2万人学习

关于我们 免责申明 举报中心 意见反馈 讲师合作 广告合作 最新更新
php中文网:公益在线php培训,帮助PHP学习者快速成长!
关注服务号 技术交流群
PHP中文网订阅号
每天精选资源文章推送

Copyright 2014-2026 https://www.php.cn/ All Rights Reserved | php.cn | 湘ICP备2023035733号