<script type="text/javascript"> <br>function Polygon(iSides) { <br>this.sides = iSides; <br>if(typeof Polygon._initialized == "undefined") { <br>Polygon.prototype.getArea = function() { <br>return 0; <br>}; <br>Polygon._initialized = true; <br>} <br>} <br>function Triangle(iBase,iHeight) { <br>Polygon.call(this,3); <br>this.base = iBase; <br>this.hei = iHeight; <br>if(typeof Triangle._initialized == "undefined") { <br>Triangle.prototype = new Polygon(); <br>Triangle.prototype.getArea = function() { <br>return this.base * this.hei * 0.5; <br>}; <br>Triangle._initialized = true; <br>} <br>} <br>var oTriangle1 = new Triangle(12,4); <br>alert(oTriangle1.sides); <br>//alert(oTriangle1.getArea()); <br>//这句代码是无法运行的。FireBug显示oTriangle1.getArea()不是一个function <br><br><br></script>
刚开始琢磨这段代码是很奇怪,为什么不能运行呢?于是我就开始结合作者的叙述思考(作者在这段代码后面的解释很绕,不多看几遍是理解不了他在说什么的),最后终于被我想通了。
我们已经知道,用var anobject = new afunction()形式创建对象的过程实际上可以分为3步:
(1)建立新对象
(2)将该对象内置的prototype对象设置为构造函数portotype引用的那个原型对象
(3)将该对象作为this参数调用构造函数,完成成员设置等初始化工作
请大家注意第(2)步,原来,
var oTriangle1 = new Triangle(12,4);
这句执行时,内部执行oTriangle1.prototype = Triangle.prototype;(当然,此时Triangle.prototype对象本身也没什么实际属性和方法) 然后才继续执行直到第(3)步,运行函数体,第一次运行到
Triangle.prototype = new Polygon();
但这句执行完后,oTriangle1.prototype却已经无法再赋值了(即执行不到oTriangle1.prototype = Triangle.prototype;),接下来程序执行
Triangle.prototype.getArea = function() {
return this.base * this.hei * 0.5;
};
但此时却是为时已晚,oTriangle1.prototype对象是不会拥有该方法的,拥有该方法的只能是刚才new Polygon()创建的对象,于是就有了程序最后一行注释的结果了。但是接下来创建的Triangle对象却能正常运行了。请看下面代码:
代码
<script type="text/javascript"> <br>function Polygon(iSides) { <br>this.sides = iSides; <br>if(typeof Polygon._initialized == "undefined") { <br>Polygon.prototype.getArea = function() { <br>return 0; <br>}; <br>Polygon._initialized = true; <br>} <br>} <br>function Triangle(iBase,iHeight) { <br>Polygon.call(this,3); <br>this.base = iBase; <br>this.hei = iHeight; <br>if(typeof Triangle._initialized == "undefined") { <br>Triangle.prototype = new Polygon(); <br>Triangle.prototype.getArea = function() { <br>return this.base * this.hei * 0.5; <br>}; <br>Triangle._initialized = true; <br>} <br>} <br>var oTriangle1 = new Triangle(12,4); <br>alert(oTriangle1.sides); <br>//alert(oTriangle1.getArea()); <br>//这句代码是无法运行的。FireBug显示oTriangle1.getArea()不是一个function <br>var oTriangle2 = new Triangle(10,5); <br>alert(oTriangle2.sides); <br>//程序最终运行证明了我的理解是正确的。 <br>alert(oTriangle2.getArea()); <br></script>
至于原因嘛,也就是我前面分析的,此时内部执行oTriangle2.prototype=Triangle.prototype;该原型对象被赋予了有实际属性和方法的对象引用。











