jquery的使用非常简单,我们只需要从其官方网站上下载一个脚本文件并引用到页面上即可,然后你就可以在你的脚本代码中任意使用jquery提供的对象和功能了。
在jquery中使用ajax方法异步获取服务器资源非常简单,读者可以参考其官方网站上提供的例子http://api.jquery.com/category/ajax/。当然,作为客户端脚本,jquery也会遇到跨域访问资源的问题,什么是跨域访问呢?简单来说就是脚本所要访问的资源属于网站外部的资源,脚本所在的位置和资源所在的位置不在同一区域。默认情况下,浏览器是不允许直接进行资源的跨域访问的,除非客户端浏览器有设置,否则访问会失败。在这种情况下,我们一般都会采用在服务器端使用handler来解决,就是说在脚本和资源之间建立一个桥梁,让脚本访问本站点内的handler,通过handler去访问外部资源。这个是非常普遍的做法,而且操作起来也非常简单,因为会经常使用到,所以在此记录一下,方便日后使用!
首先需要在网站中创建一个handler,在visual studio中新建一个generic handler文件,拷贝下面的代码:
namespace WebApplication1
{
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
///
/// Asynchronous HTTP handler for rendering external xml source.
///
public class Stock : System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler
{
private static readonly SafeList safeList = new SafeList();
private HttpContext context;
private WebRequest request;
///
/// Gets a value indicating whether the HTTP handler is reusable.
///
public bool IsReusable
{
get { return false; }
}
///
/// Verify that the external RSS feed is hosted by a server on the safe list
/// before making an asynchronous HTTP request for it.
///
public IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, object extraData)
{
var u = context.Request.QueryString["u"];
var uri = new Uri(u);
if (safeList.IsSafe(uri.DnsSafeHost))
{
this.context = context;
this.request = HttpWebRequest.Create(uri);
return this.request.BeginGetResponse(cb, extraData);
}
else
{
throw new HttpException(204, "No content");
}
}
///
/// Render the response from the asynchronous HTTP request for the RSS feed
/// using the response's Expires and Last-Modified headers when caching.
///
public void EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result)
{
string expiresHeader;
string lastModifiedHeader;
string rss;
using (var response = this.request.EndGetResponse(result))
{
expiresHeader = response.Headers["Expires"];
lastModifiedHeader = response.Headers["Last-Modified"];
using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream())
using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream, true))
{
rss = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
var output = this.context.Response;
output.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
output.ContentType = "text/xml;"; // "application/rss+xml; charset=utf-8";
output.Write(rss);
var cache = output.Cache;
cache.VaryByParams["u"] = true;
DateTime expires;
var hasExpires = DateTime.TryParse(expiresHeader, out expires);
DateTime lastModified;
var hasLastModified = DateTime.TryParse(lastModifiedHeader, out lastModified);
cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.Public);
cache.SetOmitVaryStar(true);
cache.SetSlidingExpiration(false);
cache.SetValidUntilExpires(true);
DateTime expireBy = DateTime.Now.AddHours(1);
if (hasExpires && expires.CompareTo(expireBy) {
cache.SetExpires(expires);
}
else
{
cache.SetExpires(expireBy);
}
if (hasLastModified)
{
cache.SetLastModified(lastModified);
}
}
///
/// Do not process requests synchronously.
///
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
///
/// Methods for matching hostnames to a list of safe hosts.
///
public class SafeList
{
///
/// Hard-coded list of safe hosts.
///
private static readonly IEnumerable
{
"cnblogs.com",
"msn.com",
"163.com",
"csdn.com"
};
///
/// Prefix each safe hostname with a period.
///
private static readonly IEnumerable
from hostname in hostnames
select string.Concat(".", hostname);
///
/// Tests if the
/// hostname from the safe host list.
///
/// Hostname to test
///
public bool IsSafe(string hostname)
{
return MatchesHostname(hostname) || MatchesDottedHostname(hostname);
}
///
/// Tests if the
/// safe host list.
///
/// Hostname to test
///
private static bool MatchesDottedHostname(string hostname)
{
return dottedHostnames.Any(host => hostname.EndsWith(host, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase));
}
///
/// Tests if the
/// from the safe host list.
///
/// Hostname to test
///
private static bool MatchesHostname(string hostname)
{
return hostnames.Contains(hostname, StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
}
}
}
我给出的例子中是想通过Ajax异步取得msn站点上微软的股票信息,其外部资源地址为http://money.service.msn.com/StockQuotes.aspx?symbols=msft,我们在页面上这样使用JQuery api通过Handler来访问数据:
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.3.2.min.js"></script>
loading...
<script type="text/javascript"> <br>function getData() { <br>$("#loader").ajaxStart(function() { <br>$(this).show(); <br>}); <br>$("#loader").ajaxComplete(function() { <br>$(this).hide(); <br>}); <br>$.ajax({ <br>type: "GET", <br>url: "Stock.ashx?u=http://money.service.msn.com/StockQuotes.aspx?symbols=msft", <br>dataType: "xml", <br>success: function(data) { <br>var last = ""; <br>var change = ""; <br>var percentchange = ""; <br>var volume = ""; <br>var cap = ""; <br>var yearhigh = ""; <br>var yearlow = ""; <br>$(data).find('ticker').each(function() { <br>last = $(this).attr('last'); <br>change = $(this).attr('change'); <br>percentchange = $(this).attr('percentchange'); <br>volume = $(this).attr('volume'); <br>cap = $(this).attr('marketcap'); <br>yearhigh = $(this).attr('yearhigh'); <br>yearlow = $(this).attr('yearlow'); <br>document.getElementById('con').innerHTML = '<span>name:' + last + ' high:' + volume + ' low:' + cap + ''; <br>}) <br>} <br>}); <br>} <br>$(window).load(getData); <br></script>
下面是实现的结果:
name:25.8 high:67,502,221 low:$226,107,039,514
Handler的写法基本都大同小异,因此可以写成一个通用的例子,以后如遇到在脚本中需要跨域访问资源时便可以直接使用!代码记录于此,方便查阅。










