
本文深入探讨了一个常见的react组件测试失败案例:当组件的oncancel回调属性被定义但未在内部逻辑中实际调用时,测试会报告tohavebeencalled失败。通过分析组件代码和测试用例,我们揭示了问题的根本原因,并提供了明确的解决方案,即在组件的handlecancel方法中显式调用oncancel属性,确保组件行为与测试预期一致。
问题背景与现象分析
在开发React组件时,我们经常会为组件定义各种回调函数(props),以实现父子组件间的通信。例如,一个模态框组件可能会有onDownload和onCancel等回调。当为这些回调编写单元测试时,我们期望点击相应的按钮能够触发这些回调函数。
考虑以下ChooseLanguageModal组件及其测试用例。该组件包含一个“下载”按钮和一个“取消”按钮,并分别对应handleDownload和handleCancel内部方法。
// ChooseLanguageWindow.react.tsx (部分代码)
import React from 'react';
import { Button, Modal, ModalFooter } from 'react-bootstrap';
// ...其他导入
export interface ChooseLanguageModalProps {
languageList: SelectOption[];
onDownloadLanguage: (value?: string) => void;
onDownload: () => void;
onCancel?: () => void; // 定义了onCancel回调,但它是可选的
}
// ...其他常量和辅助函数
export const ChooseLanguageModal = (props: ChooseLanguageModalProps) => {
const { languageList } = props; // 注意:这里没有解构onCancel
// ...onChangeLanguage 方法
const handleCancel = async () => {
// 问题所在:onCancel() 未在此处调用
await hideChooseLanguageModal();
};
const handleDownload = async () => {
const { onDownload } = props;
onDownload(); // onDownload在此处被调用
await hideChooseLanguageModal();
};
return (
{/* ...ModalHeader 和 ModalBody */}
);
};相应的测试代码如下:
// ChooseLanguageWindow.react.test.tsx (部分代码)
import { render, fireEvent, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import React from 'react';
import { act } from 'react-dom/test-utils';
import { ChooseLanguageModal } from '../ChooseLanguageWindow.react';
describe('ChooseLanguageModal', () => {
// ...languageList 定义
const onDownloadLanguage = jest.fn();
const handleDownload = jest.fn();
const handleCancel = jest.fn(); // Mock onCancel prop
test('should call onDownload when download button is clicked', async () => {
await act(async () => {
render(
);
});
const downloadButton = screen.getByText('Download');
fireEvent.click(downloadButton);
expect(handleDownload).toHaveBeenCalled(); // 此测试通过
});
test('should call onCancel when cancel button is clicked', async () => {
await act(async () => {
render(
);
});
const cancelButton = screen.getByText('Cancel');
fireEvent.click(cancelButton);
expect(handleCancel).toHaveBeenCalled(); // 此测试失败
});
});在运行上述测试时,onDownload的测试能够成功通过,但onCancel的测试却失败了,并抛出以下错误:
expect(jest.fn()).toHaveBeenCalled() Expected number of calls: >= 1 Received number of calls: 0
这明确指出,尽管我们模拟了onCancel回调并将其作为prop传递给了组件,但当取消按钮被点击时,这个模拟函数并未被实际调用。
根本原因分析
问题的核心在于ChooseLanguageModal组件内部对onCancel prop的使用方式。回顾handleCancel方法:
const handleCancel = async () => {
await hideChooseLanguageModal();
};可以看到,在handleCancel方法中,它只调用了hideChooseLanguageModal来隐藏模态框,但并没有调用从props中接收到的onCancel函数。
虽然ChooseLanguageModalProps接口定义了onCancel?: () => void;,使得onCancel成为一个合法的prop,并且我们在测试中也通过
与之形成对比的是handleDownload方法,它正确地解构并调用了onDownload prop:
const handleDownload = async () => {
const { onDownload } = props;
onDownload(); // 正确调用了onDownload prop
await hideChooseLanguageModal();
};这解释了为什么onDownload的测试能够成功通过。
解决方案
要解决onCancel测试失败的问题,我们需要修改ChooseLanguageModal组件,确保在handleCancel方法中正确调用onCancel prop。这包括两个步骤:
- 从props中解构出onCancel函数。
- 在handleCancel方法中调用它。
修改后的ChooseLanguageModal组件代码如下:
// ChooseLanguageWindow.react.tsx (修改后)
import React from 'react';
import { Button, Modal, ModalFooter } from 'react-bootstrap';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import Select from 'controls/Select/Select';
import { getModalRoot } from 'sd/components/layout/admin/forms/FvReplaceFormModal/helpers';
import { DOWNLOAD_BUTTON_TEXT, CANCEL_BUTTON_TEXT } from 'sd/constants/ModalWindowConstants';
import 'sd/components/layout/admin/forms/FvReplaceFormModal/style.scss';
import type { SelectOption } from 'shared/types/General';
const { Body: ModalBody, Header: ModalHeader, Title: ModalTitle } = Modal;
export interface ChooseLanguageModalProps {
languageList: SelectOption[];
onDownloadLanguage: (value?: string) => void;
onDownload: () => void;
onCancel?: () => void;
}
const HEADER_TITLE = 'Choose language page';
const CHOOSE_LANGUAGE_LABEL = 'Choose language';
export const ChooseLanguageModal = (props: ChooseLanguageModalProps) => {
// 1. 从props中解构出onCancel
const { languageList, onCancel } = props;
const onChangeLanguage = (value?: string | undefined) => {
const { onDownloadLanguage } = props;
onDownloadLanguage(value);
};
const handleCancel = async () => {
// 2. 在这里调用onCancel prop
onCancel && onCancel(); // 注意:onCancel是可选的,所以进行条件调用
await hideChooseLanguageModal();
};
const handleDownload = async () => {
const { onDownload } = props;
onDownload();
await hideChooseLanguageModal();
};
return (
hideChooseLanguageModal()}
>
{HEADER_TITLE}
This project has one or more languages set up in the Translation Manager.
To download the translation in the BRD export, select one language from the drop-down below.
English will always be shown as the base language.
If a language is selected, additional columns will be added to display the appropriate
translation for labels, rules and text messages.
You may click Download without selecting a language to export the default language.
{CHOOSE_LANGUAGE_LABEL}









