
想让网页看起来更生动?粒子特效是个不错的选择。用HTML5结合JavaScript,你可以轻松实现炫酷的动画效果。核心是利用canvas绘制粒子,并通过动画循环实时更新位置。
1. 创建Canvas画布
首先在HTML中插入标签,设置宽高:
用CSS将其铺满页面或指定区域:
#particleCanvas {
display: block;
background: #000;
}
2. 初始化JavaScript环境
获取canvas上下文,准备绘图:
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const canvas = document.getElementById('particleCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
定义粒子数量和存储数组:
const particleCount = 100; const particles = [];
3. 构建粒子对象
每个粒子包含位置、速度、大小、颜色等属性:
function Particle() {
this.x = Math.random() * canvas.width;
this.y = Math.random() * canvas.height;
this.vx = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2;
this.vy = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2;
this.size = Math.random() * 5 + 1;
this.color = 'hsl(' + Math.random() * 360 + ', 80%, 60%)';
}
Particle.prototype.draw = function() {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(this.x, this.y, this.size, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.fill();
};
Particle.prototype.update = function() {
if (this.x < 0 || this.x > canvas.width) this.vx = -1;
if (this.y < 0 || this.y > canvas.height) this.vy = -1;
this.x += this.vx;
this.y += this.vy;
};
4. 启动动画循环
创建多个粒子并持续重绘:
for (let i = 0; i < particleCount; i++) {
particles.push(new Particle());
}
function animate() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
for (let i = 0; i < particles.length; i++) {
particles[i].update();
particles[i].draw();
}
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
animate();
5. 添加连线与交互(进阶)
让粒子之间产生连线,增强视觉效果。检测鼠标位置,使粒子向光标靠近:
let mouse = { x: undefined, y: undefined };
window.addEventListener('mousemove', function(e) {
mouse.x = e.x;
mouse.y = e.y;
});
// 在update中加入距离判断
Particle.prototype.update = function() {
let dx = mouse.x - this.x;
let dy = mouse.y - this.y;
let distance = Math.sqrt(dxdx + dydy);
if (distance < 100) {
this.vx -= dx / 5000;
this.vy -= dy / 5000;
}
// ...其他逻辑
};
再添加连接线逻辑:
function connectParticles() {
for (let a = 0; a < particles.length; a++) {
for (let b = a + 1; b < particles.length; b++) {
let dx = particles[a].x - particles[b].x;
let dy = particles[a].y - particles[b].y;
let distance = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
if (distance < 80) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.strokeStyle = particles[a].color;
ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;
ctx.moveTo(particles[a].x, particles[a].y);
ctx.lineTo(particles[b].x, particles[b].y);
ctx.stroke();
}
}}
}
在animate函数中调用connectParticles()。
基本上就这些。掌握canvas绘图和requestAnimationFrame机制后,你可以自由扩展:比如添加重力、碰撞检测、响应式布局适配,甚至音频可视化。不复杂但容易忽略细节,比如清屏时机、性能优化(避免过多粒子)、内存释放等。











