在led子系统中，硬件驱动层是关键的一部分，负责管理led设备的具体实现。本文将详细介绍led子系统硬件驱动层的实现流程及相关数据结构。
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LED子系统的硬件驱动层文件主要位于kernel/drivers/leds/目录下，包含的主要函数有led-gpio.c和led-xxx.c。其中，led-gpio.c是通用的平台驱动程序，而led-xxx.c则是不同厂商提供的特定平台驱动程序。
1、gpio_led_probe函数分析
打开led-gpio.c文件，直接找到加载驱动的入口函数gpio_led_probe。
1.1 相关数据结构
1.1.1 gpio_led_platform_data
struct gpio_led_platform_data {
int num_leds;
const struct gpio_led *leds;
#define GPIO_LED_NO_BLINK_LOW 0 /* No blink GPIO state low */
#define GPIO_LED_NO_BLINK_HIGH 1 /* No blink GPIO state high */
#define GPIO_LED_BLINK 2 /* Please, blink */
gpio_blink_set_t gpio_blink_set;
};结构体名称：gpio_led_platform_data
文件位置：include/linux/leds.h
主要作用：用于LED的平台数据，统一管理LED硬件设备。
1.1.2 gpio_leds_priv
struct gpio_leds_priv {
int num_leds;
struct gpio_led_data leds[];
};结构体名称：gpio_leds_priv
文件位置：drivers/leds/leds-gpio.c
主要作用：LED驱动的私有数据类型，管理所有LED设备。
1.2 实现流程
static int gpio_led_probe(struct platform_device *pdev){
struct gpio_led_platform_data *pdata = dev_get_platdata(&pdev->dev); // 检索设备的平台数据
struct gpio_leds_priv *priv;
int i, ret = 0;
if (pdata && pdata->num_leds) { // 判断平台数据LED数量
priv = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev,
sizeof_gpio_leds_priv(pdata->num_leds),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!priv)
return -ENOMEM;
priv->num_leds = pdata->num_leds;
for (i = 0; i < pdata->num_leds; i++) {
ret = create_gpio_led(&pdata->leds[i], &priv->leds[i],
&pdev->dev, NULL,
pdata->gpio_blink_set);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
}
} else {
priv = gpio_leds_create(pdev);
if (IS_ERR(priv))
return PTR_ERR(priv);
}
platform_set_drvdata(pdev, priv);
return 0;
}函数介绍：gpio_led_probe是LED驱动的入口函数，也是LED子系统中硬件设备与驱动程序匹配后执行的第一个函数。
实现思路：
- 使用
dev_get_platdata检索设备的平台数据。 - 如果平台数据中的LED数量大于零，则使用
devm_kzalloc为其分配内存空间，并使用create_gpio_led进行初始化。 - 如果平台数据不存在或LED数量为零，则使用
gpio_leds_create创建LED。 - 最后，设置驱动程序数据，并返回0表示操作成功。
数据结构：该函数主要涉及两个数据结构gpio_led_platform_data和gpio_leds_priv。
2、gpio_leds_create函数分析
2.1 相关数据结构
2.1.1 gpio_led
/* For the leds-gpio driver */
struct gpio_led {
const char *name; // LED名称
const char *default_trigger; // 默认触发类型
unsigned gpio; // GPIO编号
unsigned active_low : 1; // 低电平有效
unsigned retain_state_suspended : 1;
unsigned panic_indicator : 1;
unsigned default_state : 2; // 默认状态
unsigned retain_state_shutdown : 1;
/* default_state should be one of LEDS_GPIO_DEFSTATE_(ON|OFF|KEEP) */
struct gpio_desc *gpiod; // GPIO Group
};结构体名称：gpio_led
文件位置：include/linux/leds.h
主要作用：描述LED的硬件信息，包括名称、GPIO编号、有效电平等。
2.1.2 gpio_led_data
struct gpio_led_data {
struct led_classdev cdev; // LED Class
struct gpio_desc *gpiod; // GPIO description
u8 can_sleep;
u8 blinking; // 闪烁
gpio_blink_set_t platform_gpio_blink_set; // 闪烁设置
};结构体名称：gpio_led_data
文件位置：drivers/leds/leds-gpio.c
主要作用：存储LED相关数据信息，主要包括led_classdev，用于注册设备节点信息。
2.2 实现流程
static struct gpio_leds_priv *gpio_leds_create(struct platform_device *pdev){
struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
struct fwnode_handle *child;
struct gpio_leds_priv *priv;
int count, ret;
count = device_get_child_node_count(dev); // 获取子节点数量
if (!count)
return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
priv = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof_gpio_leds_priv(count), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!priv)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
device_for_each_child_node(dev, child) {
struct gpio_led_data *led_dat = &priv->leds[priv->num_leds]; // 与gpio_leds_priv结构体关联
struct gpio_led led = {};
const char *state = NULL;
struct device_node *np = to_of_node(child);
ret = fwnode_property_read_string(child, "label", &led.name); // 读设备树属性，赋值gpio_led结构体
if (ret && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF) && np)
led.name = np->name;
if (!led.name) {
fwnode_handle_put(child);
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
led.gpiod = devm_fwnode_get_gpiod_from_child(dev, NULL, child,
GPIOD_ASIS,
led.name);
if (IS_ERR(led.gpiod)) {
fwnode_handle_put(child);
return ERR_CAST(led.gpiod);
}
fwnode_property_read_string(child, "linux,default-trigger",
&led.default_trigger);
if (!fwnode_property_read_string(child, "default-state",
&state)) {
if (!strcmp(state, "keep"))
led.default_state = LEDS_GPIO_DEFSTATE_KEEP;
else if (!strcmp(state, "on"))
led.default_state = LEDS_GPIO_DEFSTATE_ON;
else
led.default_state = LEDS_GPIO_DEFSTATE_OFF;
}
if (fwnode_property_present(child, "retain-state-suspended"))
led.retain_state_suspended = 1;
if (fwnode_property_present(child, "retain-state-shutdown"))
led.retain_state_shutdown = 1;
if (fwnode_property_present(child, "panic-indicator"))
led.panic_indicator = 1;
ret = create_gpio_led(&led, led_dat, dev, np, NULL); // 将gpio_led结构体、gpio_led_data关联起来
if (ret < 0) {
fwnode_handle_put(child);
return ERR_PTR(ret);
}
led_dat->cdev.dev->of_node = np;
priv->num_leds++;
}
return priv;
}函数介绍：gpio_leds_create主要用于创建LED设备。
实现思路：
- 使用
device_get_child_node_count获取设备树中LED子节点的数量，并根据数量分配LED设备对应的内存空间。 - 通过
device_for_each_child_node遍历每个子节点，为每个子节点创建对应的LED设备。 - 对于每个子节点，使用
fwnode_property_read_string接口读取设备树中的相关属性信息，如label、linux,default-trigger等，并将这些信息赋值给gpio_led结构体。 - 最后，调用
create_gpio_led进行设备的创建。
3、create_gpio_led函数分析
3.1 相关数据结构
3.1.1 led_classdev
struct led_classdev {
const char *name;
enum led_brightness brightness;
enum led_brightness max_brightness;
int flags;
/* Lower 16 bits reflect status */
#define LED_SUSPENDED BIT(0)
#define LED_UNREGISTERING BIT(1)
/* Upper 16 bits reflect control information */
#define LED_CORE_SUSPENDRESUME BIT(16)
#define LED_SYSFS_DISABLE BIT(17)
#define LED_DEV_CAP_FLASH BIT(18)
#define LED_HW_PLUGGABLE BIT(19)
#define LED_PANIC_INDICATOR BIT(20)
#define LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED BIT(21)
#define LED_RETAIN_AT_SHUTDOWN BIT(22)
/* set_brightness_work / blink_timer flags, atomic, private. */
unsigned long work_flags;
#define LED_BLINK_SW 0
#define LED_BLINK_ONESHOT 1
#define LED_BLINK_ONESHOT_STOP 2
#define LED_BLINK_INVERT 3
#define LED_BLINK_BRIGHTNESS_CHANGE 4
#define LED_BLINK_DISABLE 5
/* Set LED brightness level
* Must not sleep. Use brightness_set_blocking for drivers
* that can sleep while setting brightness.
*/
void (*brightness_set)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
enum led_brightness brightness);
/*
* Set LED brightness level immediately - it can block the caller for
* the time required for accessing a LED device register.
*/
int (*brightness_set_blocking)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
enum led_brightness brightness);
/* Get LED brightness level */
enum led_brightness (*brightness_get)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev);
/*
* Activate hardware accelerated blink, delays are in milliseconds
* and if both are zero then a sensible default should be chosen.
* The call should adjust the timings in that case and if it can't
* match the values specified exactly.
* Deactivate blinking again when the brightness is set to LED_OFF
* via the brightness_set() callback.
*/
int (*blink_set)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
unsigned long *delay_on,
unsigned long *delay_off);
struct device *dev;
const struct attribute_group **groups;
struct list_head node; /* LED Device list */
const char *default_trigger; /* Trigger to use */
unsigned long blink_delay_on, blink_delay_off;
struct timer_list blink_timer;
int blink_brightness;
int new_blink_brightness;
void (*flash_resume)(struct led_classdev *led_cdev);
struct work_struct set_brightness_work;
int delayed_set_value;
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
/* Protects the trigger data below */
struct rw_semaphore trigger_lock;
struct led_trigger *trigger;
struct list_head trig_list;
void *trigger_data;
/* true if activated - deactivate routine uses it to do cleanup */
bool activated;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_BRIGHTNESS_HW_CHANGED
int brightness_hw_changed;
struct kernfs_node *brightness_hw_changed_kn;
#endif
/* Ensures consistent access to the LED Flash Class device */
struct mutex led_access;
};结构体名称：led_classdev
文件位置：include/linux/leds.h
主要作用：该结构体包含多个功能，如：
-
brightness：当前亮度值 -
max_brightness：最大亮度值 - LED闪烁功能控制：
blink_timer、blink_brightness、new_blink_brightness等 -
attribute_group：创建sysfs文件节点，提供用户访问接口
3.2 实现流程
static int create_gpio_led(const struct gpio_led *template,
struct gpio_led_data *led_dat, struct device *parent,
struct device_node *np, gpio_blink_set_t blink_set){
int ret, state;
led_dat->gpiod = template->gpiod;
if (!led_dat->gpiod) {
/*
* This is the legacy code path for platform code that
* still uses GPIO numbers. Ultimately we would like to get
* rid of this block completely.
*/
unsigned long flags = GPIOF_OUT_INIT_LOW;
/* skip leds that aren't available */
if (!gpio_is_valid(template->gpio)) { // 判断是否gpio合法
dev_info(parent, "Skipping unavailable LED gpio %d (%s)\n",
template->gpio, template->name);
return 0;
}
if (template->active_low)
flags |= GPIOF_ACTIVE_LOW;
ret = devm_gpio_request_one(parent, template->gpio, flags,
template->name);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
led_dat->gpiod = gpio_to_desc(template->gpio); // 获取gpio组
if (!led_dat->gpiod)
return -EINVAL;
}
led_dat->cdev.name = template->name; // 赋值一些属性信息
led_dat->cdev.default_trigger = template->default_trigger;
led_dat->can_sleep = gpiod_cansleep(led_dat->gpiod);
if (!led_dat->can_sleep)
led_dat->cdev.brightness_set = gpio_led_set; // 设置LED
else
led_dat->cdev.brightness_set_blocking = gpio_led_set_blocking;
led_dat->blinking = 0;
if (blink_set) {
led_dat->platform_gpio_blink_set = blink_set;
led_dat->cdev.blink_set = gpio_blink_set;
}
if (template->default_state == LEDS_GPIO_DEFSTATE_KEEP) {
state = gpiod_get_value_cansleep(led_dat->gpiod);
if (state < 0)
return state;
} else {
state = (template->default_state == LEDS_GPIO_DEFSTATE_ON);
}
led_dat->cdev.brightness = state ? LED_FULL : LED_OFF;
if (!template->retain_state_suspended)
led_dat->cdev.flags |= LED_CORE_SUSPENDRESUME;
if (template->panic_indicator)
led_dat->cdev.flags |= LED_PANIC_INDICATOR;
if (template->retain_state_shutdown)
led_dat->cdev.flags |= LED_RETAIN_AT_SHUTDOWN;
ret = gpiod_direction_output(led_dat->gpiod, state);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
return devm_of_led_classdev_register(parent, &led_dat->cdev); // 将LED设备注册到子系统中
}函数介绍：create_gpio_led是创建LED设备的核心函数。
实现思路：
- 通过
gpio_is_valid接口判断GPIO是否合法。 - 将从设备树解析出来的信息填充到
gpio_led_data字段中，并初始化部分字段，如led_classdev、gpio_desc等。 - 填充回调函数，实现相应的动作，如
gpio_led_set、gpio_led_set_blocking、gpio_blink_set等。 - 最后调用
devm_of_led_classdev_register接口，将LED设备注册到LED框架中。
4、回调函数分析
4.1 gpio_blink_set
static int gpio_blink_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
unsigned long *delay_on, unsigned long *delay_off){
struct gpio_led_data *led_dat = cdev_to_gpio_led_data(led_cdev);
led_dat->blinking = 1;
return led_dat->platform_gpio_blink_set(led_dat->gpiod, GPIO_LED_BLINK,
delay_on, delay_off);
}函数介绍：gpio_blink_set主要用于设置闪烁的时延。
4.2 gpio_led_set 和 gpio_led_set_blocking
static inline struct gpio_led_data *
cdev_to_gpio_led_data(struct led_classdev *led_cdev){
return container_of(led_cdev, struct gpio_led_data, cdev);
}
static void gpio_led_set(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
enum led_brightness value){
struct gpio_led_data *led_dat = cdev_to_gpio_led_data(led_cdev);
int level;
if (value == LED_OFF)
level = 0;
else
level = 1;
if (led_dat->blinking) {
led_dat->platform_gpio_blink_set(led_dat->gpiod, level,
NULL, NULL);
led_dat->blinking = 0;
} else {
if (led_dat->can_sleep)
gpiod_set_value_cansleep(led_dat->gpiod, level);
else
gpiod_set_value(led_dat->gpiod, level);
}
}
static int gpio_led_set_blocking(struct led_classdev *led_cdev,
enum led_brightness value){
gpio_led_set(led_cdev, value);
return 0;
}函数介绍：gpio_led_set 和 gpio_led_set_blocking主要用于设置亮度，区别在于gpio_led_set不可睡眠，而gpio_led_set_blocking可休眠。
5、总结
以上我们了解了硬件驱动层的实现流程以及相关数据结构，总结如下：
5.1 数据结构之间的关系如下
LED子系统-LED数据结构.drawio
5.2 函数实现流程如下
gpio_led_probe(drivers/leds/leds-gpio.c)
|--> gpio_leds_create
|--> create_gpio_led
// 创建LED设备
|--> devm_of_led_classdev_register 5.3 主要作用如下
- 从设备树获取LED相关属性信息，赋值给
gpio_led结构体。 - 将
gpio_led、gpio_leds_priv、led_classdev等数据结构关联起来。 - 将LED设备注册进入LED子系统中。
