java连接access数据库说明以及示例代码

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发布时间：2016-06-07 15:43:51

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之前我链接access的时候经常出现odbc源驱动器的错误后来我才发现其实是这样的要连接 Access数据源,首先要建立一个JDBC-ODBC桥接器，其方法是: Class . forName ( sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver ); Class 是 Java.lang 包中的一个类，通过调用它的静态

之前我链接access的时候经常出现odbc源驱动器的错误

后来我才发现其实是这样的

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要连接Access数据源,首先要建立一个JDBC-ODBC桥接器，其方法是:

<span>Class</span><span>.</span><span>forName</span><span>(</span><span>"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"</span><span>);</span>

Class 是Java.lang包中的一个类，通过调用它的静态方法forName就可以建立桥接器。但建立桥接器时可能发生异常，这是我们所不想见到的，因此要捕获这个异常:

<span>try</span><span>{</span><span>Class</span><span>.</span><span>forName</span><span>(</span><span>"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"</span><span>);</span><span>}</span><span>catch</span><span>(</span><span>ClassNotFoundException</span><span> e</span><span>){异常捕获}</span>

然后就是连接数据库了,这里要用到java.sql包中的Connection类声明一个对象，再用类DriverManager调用它的静态方法getConnection创建这个连接。

<span>Connection</span><span> con</span><span>=</span><span>DriverManager</span><span>.</span><span>getConnection</span><span>(</span><span>"jdbc:odbc:数据源名字"</span><span>,</span><span>"数据源用户名"</span><span>,</span><span>"数据源密码"</span><span>);//注意 这里是数据源的名字 用户名和密码都需要配置。</span><span>try</span><span>{</span><span>Class</span><span>.</span><span>forName</span><span>(</span><span>"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"</span><span>);</span><span>}</span><span>catch</span><span>(</span><span>ClassNotFoundException</span><span> e</span><span>){</span><span>System</span><span>.</span><span>out</span><span>.</span><span>println</span><span>(</span><span>""</span><span>+</span><span>e</span><span>);</span><span>}</span><span>  
　　 </span><span>// 下面一句是重点</span><span>String</span><span> path </span><span>=</span><span>this</span><span>.</span><span>getClass</span><span>().</span><span>getClassLoader</span><span>().</span><span>getResource</span><span>(</span><span>"db1.mdb"</span><span>).</span><span>getPath</span><span>().</span><span>substring</span><span>(</span><span>1</span><span>);</span><span>//db1.mdb为创建的Access<strong>数据库</strong>文件</span><span>//此<strong>数据库</strong>文件路径与java文件在同一路径下</span><span>String</span><span> url</span><span>=</span><span>"jdbc:odbc:Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ="</span><span>+</span><span>path</span><span>;</span><span>Connection</span><span> conn</span><span>=</span><span>DriverManager</span><span>.</span><span>getConnection</span><span>(</span><span>url</span><span>);</span><span>Statement</span><span> st </span><span>=</span><span> conn</span><span>.</span><span>createStatement</span><span>();</span>

实例

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<span>package</span><span> com</span><span>.neusoft</span><span>.</span><span>common</span><span>;</span><span>import</span><span> java</span><span>.</span><span>sql</span><span>.</span><span>Connection</span><span>;</span><span>import</span><span> java</span><span>.</span><span>sql</span><span>.</span><span>PreparedStatement</span><span>;</span><span>import</span><span> java</span><span>.</span><span>sql</span><span>.</span><span>ResultSet</span><span>;</span><span>import</span><span> java</span><span>.</span><span>sql</span><span>.</span><span>SQLException</span><span>;</span><span>import</span><span> java</span><span>.</span><span>sql</span><span>.</span><span>Statement</span><span>;</span><span>import</span><span> com</span><span>.</span><span>mchange</span><span>.</span><span>v2</span><span>.</span><span>c3p0</span><span>.</span><span>ComboPooledDataSource</span><span>;</span><span>/**
 * c3p0 的 jdbc<strong>连接</strong>池
 * 
 * @author 
 * 
 */</span><span>public</span><span>class</span><span>DBConnectionPool</span><span>{</span><span>protected</span><span>DBConnectionPool</span><span>()</span><span>{</span><span>}</span><span>private</span><span>static</span><span>ComboPooledDataSource</span><span> ds </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>static</span><span>{</span><span>try</span><span>{</span><span>
            ds </span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span>ComboPooledDataSource</span><span>();</span><span>// 设置jdbc的Driver类</span><span>
            ds</span><span>.</span><span>setDriverClass</span><span>(</span><span>"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"</span><span>);</span><span>// 设置jdbc的url</span><span>
            ds
                    </span><span>.</span><span>setJdbcUrl</span><span>(</span><span>"jdbc:odbc:driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ=H:/gyt_web/Database/SiteWeaver.mdb"</span><span>);</span><span>//            // 设置<strong>数据库</strong>的登录用户名</span><span>//            ds.setUser("admin");</span><span>//            // 设置<strong>数据库</strong>的登录用户名</span><span>//            ds.setPassword("admin");</span><span>// 设置<strong>连接</strong>池的最大<strong>连接</strong>数</span><span>
            ds</span><span>.</span><span>setMaxPoolSize</span><span>(</span><span>200</span><span>);</span><span>// 设置<strong>连接</strong>池的最小<strong>连接</strong>数</span><span>
            ds</span><span>.</span><span>setMinPoolSize</span><span>(</span><span>20</span><span>);</span><span>}</span><span>catch</span><span>(</span><span>Exception</span><span> e</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>
            e</span><span>.</span><span>printStackTrace</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>}</span><span>protected</span><span>static</span><span>synchronized</span><span>Connection</span><span> getConnection</span><span>()</span><span>{</span><span>Connection</span><span> con </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>try</span><span>{</span><span>
            con </span><span>=</span><span> ds</span><span>.</span><span>getConnection</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>catch</span><span>(</span><span>SQLException</span><span> e</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>
            e</span><span>.</span><span>printStackTrace</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>return</span><span> con</span><span>;</span><span>}</span><span>/**
     * 查询通用方法
     * 
     * @param sql
     * @param params
     * @return
     */</span><span>public</span><span>ResultSet</span><span> query</span><span>(</span><span>String</span><span> sql</span><span>,</span><span>Object</span><span>[]</span><span>params</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>Connection</span><span> conn </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>PreparedStatement</span><span> ps</span><span>教程</span><span>tmt </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>ResultSet</span><span> rs </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>
        conn </span><span>=</span><span>this</span><span>.</span><span>getConnection</span><span>();</span><span>try</span><span>{</span><span>
            pstmt </span><span>=</span><span> conn</span><span>.</span><span>prepareStatement</span><span>(</span><span>sql</span><span>);</span><span>if</span><span>(</span><span>params</span><span>!=</span><span>null</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>for</span><span>(</span><span>int</span><span> i </span><span>=</span><span>0</span><span>;</span><span> i </span><span><</span><span>params</span><span>.</span><span>length</span><span>;</span><span> i</span><span>++)</span><span>{</span><span>
                    pstmt</span><span>.</span><span>setObject</span><span>(</span><span>i </span><span>+</span><span>1</span><span>,</span><span>params</span><span>[</span><span>i</span><span>]);</span><span>}</span><span>}</span><span>
            rs </span><span>=</span><span> pstmt</span><span>.</span><span>executeQuery</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>catch</span><span>(</span><span>SQLException</span><span> e</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span>
            e</span><span>.</span><span>printStackTrace</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>return</span><span> rs</span><span>;</span><span>}</span><span>/**
     * 修改 增加 删除通用方法
     * 
     * @param sql
     * @param params
     * @return
     */</span><span>public</span><span>int</span><span> executeSQL</span><span>(</span><span>String</span><span> sql</span><span>,</span><span>Object</span><span>[]</span><span>params</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>Connection</span><span> conn </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>PreparedStatement</span><span> pstmt </span><span>=</span><span>null</span><span>;</span><span>int</span><span> result </span><span>=</span><span>0</span><span>;</span><span>
        conn </span><span>=</span><span>this</span><span>.</span><span>getConnection</span><span>();</span><span>try</span><span>{</span><span>
            pstmt </span><span>=</span><span> conn</span><span>.</span><span>prepareStatement</span><span>(</span><span>sql</span><span>);</span><span>if</span><span>(</span><span>params</span><span>!=</span><span>null</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>for</span><span>(</span><span>int</span><span> i </span><span>=</span><span>0</span><span>;</span><span> i </span><span><</span><span>params</span><span>.</span><span>length</span><span>;</span><span> i</span><span>++)</span><span>{</span><span>
                    pstmt</span><span>.</span><span>setObject</span><span>(</span><span>i </span><span>+</span><span>1</span><span>,</span><span>params</span><span>[</span><span>i</span><span>]);</span><span>}</span><span>}</span><span>
            result </span><span>=</span><span> pstmt</span><span>.</span><span>executeUpdate</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>catch</span><span>(</span><span>SQLException</span><span> e</span><span>)</span><span>{</span><span>// TODO Auto-generated catch block</span><span>
            e</span><span>.</span><span>printStackTrace</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>return</span><span> result</span><span>;</span><span>}</span><span>}</span>

java连接access实例：

<span>import</span><span> java</span><span>.</span><span>sql</span><span>.*;</span><span>public</span><span>class</span><span>ConnectAccess</span><span>{</span><span>/** 
* 初学者请注意： 
* 1:先建立一个access文件a1.mdb,并放在D:下; 
* 2:在<strong>数据库</strong>文件a1.mdb中建立一个表Table1； 
* 3：为Table1添加一列，并插入至少一条记录； 
* 4：本文是一个完整的类，直接拿去运行就可以。 
*/</span><span>public</span><span>static</span><span>void</span><span> main</span><span>(</span><span>String</span><span> args</span><span>[])</span><span>throws</span><span>Exception</span><span>{</span><span>ConnectAccess</span><span> ca</span><span>=</span><span>new</span><span>ConnectAccess</span><span>();</span><span> 
  ca</span><span>.</span><span>ConnectAccessFile</span><span>();</span><span> 
  ca</span><span>.</span><span>ConnectAccessDataSource</span><span>();</span><span>}</span><span>public</span><span>void</span><span>ConnectAccessFile</span><span>()</span><span>throws</span><span>Exception</span><span>{</span><span>Class</span><span>.</span><span>forName</span><span>(</span><span>""</span><span>sun</span><span>.</span><span>jdbc</span><span>.</span><span>odbc</span><span>.</span><span>JdbcOdbcDriver</span><span>""</span><span>);</span><span>/** 
  * 直接<strong>连接</strong>access文件。 
  */</span><span>String</span><span> dbur1 </span><span>=</span><span>""</span><span>jdbc</span><span>:</span><span>odbc</span><span>:</span><span>driver</span><span>={</span><span>Microsoft</span><span>Access</span><span>Driver</span><span>(*.</span><span>mdb</span><span>)};</span><span>DBQ</span><span>=</span><span>d</span><span>:</span><span>a1</span><span>.</span><span>mdb</span><span>""</span><span>;</span><span>Connection</span><span> conn </span><span>=</span><span>DriverManager</span><span>.</span><span>getConnection</span><span>(</span><span>dbur1</span><span>,</span><span>""</span><span>username</span><span>""</span><span>,</span><span>""</span><span>password</span><span>""</span><span>);</span><span>Statement</span><span> stmt </span><span>=</span><span> conn</span><span>.</span><span>createStatement</span><span>();</span><span>ResultSet</span><span> rs </span><span>=</span><span> stmt</span><span>.</span><span>executeQuery</span><span>(</span><span>""</span><span>select</span><span>*</span><span>from</span><span>Table1</span><span>""</span><span>);</span><span>while</span><span>(</span><span>rs</span><span>.</span><span>next</span><span>())</span><span>{</span><span>System</span><span>.</span><span>out</span><span>.</span><span>println</span><span>(</span><span>rs</span><span>.</span><span>getString</span><span>(</span><span>1</span><span>));</span><span>}</span><span> 
  rs</span><span>.</span><span>close</span><span>();</span><span> 
  stmt</span><span>.</span><span>close</span><span>();</span><span> 
  conn</span><span>.</span><span>close</span><span>();</span><span>}</span>

注意:

JDBC能完成与一个数据库建立连接，然后向数据库发送SQL语句，再处理数据库返回的结果。

JDBC在设计上和ODBC相似。JDBC和数据库建立连接的一种方式是首先建立起一个JDBC-ODBC桥接器。

首先安装office2000,就有了Access2000,启动Access,建立新数据库mess.mdb,建立包含两个文本型字段name和sex的表,表名为member，随便录入一些字符串到member表中，保存在任意目录下，比如说C盘下。然后打开控制面板 -> 管理工具 -> 数据源 (ODBC),选择"系统DSN",也可以选择"用户DSN"选项卡,系统的DSN对每个用户都适用可避免调试时出现的权限问题，单击“添加”，

点击"完成",弹出的对话框里将"数据源名"一项设为你喜欢的名字,比如redsun。点"选择"，找到"C:mess.mdb"文件，如此一个ODBC数据源就配置好了

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