元素

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更新时间2025-07-30

语法

属性

什么是 XML 元素？

XML 元素指的是从（包括）元素的开始标签到（包括）元素的结束标记的所有内容。

29.99

一个元素可以包含：

文本
属性
其他元素
或以上的混合



  雅舍谈吃
  梁实秋
  江苏文艺出版社
  2013
  35
  9787539962771



  了不起的狐狸爸爸
  罗尔德·达尔
  代维
  明天出版社
  2009
  10
  9787533259563

在上面的例子中：

、<author>、<year> 和 <price> 等元素拥有<em>文本内容</em>，因为它们包含文本（如 29.99）。</p> <p><bookstore> 和 <book> 拥有<em>元素内容</em>，因为它们包含元素。</p> <p><book> 有一个<em>属性</em> (例如：category="儿童")。</p> <section> <h2>空 XML 元素</h2> <p>没有内容的元素被称为空元素。</p> <p>在 XML 中，您可以像这样指示空元素：</p> <pre class="language-xml"> <element></element> </pre> <p>您还可以使用所谓的自关闭标签：</p> <pre class="language-xml"> <element /> </pre> <p>这两种形式在 XML 软件（阅读器、解析器、浏览器）中产生相同的结果。</p> <p class="tip"><span>提示：</span>空元素也可以有属性。</p> <section> <h2>XML 命名规则</h2> <p>XML 元素必须遵循以下命名规则：</p> <ul> <li>元素名称区分大小写</li> <li>元素名称必须以字母或下划线开头</li> <li>元素名称不能以字母 xml（或 XML、Xml 等）开头</li> <li>元素名称可以包含字母、数字、连字符、下划线和句点</li> <li>元素名称不能包含空格</li> </ul> <p>可使用任何名称，没有保留字。（xml 除外）。</p> <section> <h2>最佳命名实践</h2> <p>名称应该有描述性，比如：<person>、<firstname>、<lastname>。</p> <p>名称应该简短，比如：<book_title>，而不是这样：<the_title_of_the_book>。</p> <p>避免 "-" 字符。如果您按照这样的方式进行命名："first-name"，一些软件会认为您想要从 "first" 中减去 "name"。</p> <p>避免 "." 字符。如果您按照这样的方式进行命名："first.name"，一些软件会认为 "name" 是对象 "first" 的属性。</p> <p>避免 ":" 字符。冒号会被转换为命名空间来使用（稍后介绍）。</p> <p>非英语的字母比如 éòá 也是合法的 XML 元素名，不过需要留意当软件开发商不支持这些字符时可能出现的问题。</p> <section> <h2>命名约定</h2> <p>XML 元素的一些常用命名约定：</p> <table class="dataintable"> <tr> <th style="width: 15%;">样式</th> <th>例子</th> <th>描述</th> </tr> <tr> <td>小写</td> <td><firstname></td> <td>所有字母小写</td> </tr> <tr> <td>大写</td> <td><FIRSTNAME></td> <td>所有字母大写</td> </tr> <tr> <td>蛇形</td> <td><first_name></td> <td>下划线分隔单词（常用于 SQL 数据库）</td> </tr> <tr> <td>帕斯卡</td> <td><FirstName></td> <td>每个单词的第一个字母大写（C 程序员常用）</td> </tr> <tr> <td>驼峰</td> <td><firstName></td> <td>除第一个之外的每个单词的首字母大写（常用于 JavaScript）</td> </tr> </table> <p class="tip"><span>提示：</span>选定您的命名风格，并保持一致！</p> <p>XML 文档经常有一个对应的数据库，其中的字段会对应 XML 文档中的元素。</p> <p>有一个实用的经验：使用数据库的名称规则来命名 XML 文档中的元素。</p> <section> <h2>XML 元素是可扩展的</h2> <p>XML 元素是可扩展的，以携带更多的信息。</p> <p>请看下面这个 XML 例子：</p> <pre class="language-xml"> <note> <to>George</to> <from>John</from> <body>Don't forget the meeting!</body> </note> </pre> <p>让我们设想一下，我们创建了一个应用程序，可将 <to>、<from> 以及 <body> 元素提取出来，并产生以下的输出：</p> <pre style="background-color: #ffeb3b; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2), 0 4px 20px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.19); margin-top: 15px; padding: 10px;"> <b>MESSAGE</b> <b>To:</b> George <b>From:</b> John Don't forget the meeting! </pre> <p>想象一下，之后这个 XML 文档作者又向这个文档添加了一些额外的信息：</p> <pre class="language-xml"> <note> <date>2008-01-10</date> <to>George</to> <from>John</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget the meeting!</body> </note> </pre> <p>那么这个应用程序会中断或崩溃吗？</p> <p>不会。这个应用程序仍然可以找到 XML 文档中的 <to>、<from> 以及 <body> 元素，并产生同样的输出。</p> <p>XML 的优势之一，就是可以经常在不中断应用程序的情况进行扩展。</p> </div> <div class="desadown flexRow"> <a href="/xml/xml-xml-syntax.html" title="语法" class="dsdleft flexRow dsda"> <img src="/static/lhimages/icon226.png" class="nocheck"> <img src="/static/lhimages/icon226_check.png" class="check"> <p>语法</p> </a> <a href="/xml/xml-xml-attributes.html" title="属性" class="dsdright flexRow dsda"><p>属性</p> <img src="/static/lhimages/icon227.png" class="nocheck"> <img 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