如何在 Symfony 5 中同时发送同步与异步邮件

// src/Message/EmailAsync.php
namespace App\Message;

class EmailAsync
{
    private string $subject;
    private string $bodyHtmlTemplate;
    private ?string $bodyTextTemplate;
    private string $recipient;
    private array $context;
    private string $senderEmail; // 假设发件人是固定的或通过配置获取

    public function __construct(
        string $subject,
        string $bodyHtmlTemplate,
        ?string $bodyTextTemplate,
        string $recipient,
        array $context = [],
        string $senderEmail = 'noreply@example.com' // 示例发件人
    ) {
        $this->subject = $subject;
        $this->bodyHtmlTemplate = $bodyHtmlTemplate;
        $this->bodyTextTemplate = $bodyTextTemplate;
        $this->recipient = $recipient;
        $this->context = $context;
        $this->senderEmail = $senderEmail;
    }

    public function getSubject(): string
    {
        return $this->subject;
    }

    public function getBodyHtmlTemplate(): string
    {
        return $this->bodyHtmlTemplate;
    }

    public function getBodyTextTemplate(): ?string
    {
        return $this->bodyTextTemplate;
    }

    public function getRecipient(): string
    {
        return $this->recipient;
    }

    public function getContext(): array
    {
        return $this->context;
    }

    public function getSenderEmail(): string
    {
        return $this->senderEmail;
    }
}

// src/MessageHandler/EmailAsyncHandler.php
namespace App\MessageHandler;

use App\Message\EmailAsync;
use Symfony\Component\Mime\Address;
use Symfony\Bridge\Twig\Mime\TemplatedEmail;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Handler\MessageHandlerInterface;

class EmailAsyncHandler implements MessageHandlerInterface
{
    protected MailerInterface $mailer;

    public function __construct(MailerInterface $mailer)
    {
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
    }

    public function __invoke(EmailAsync $emailAsync): void
    {
        $emailToSend = (new TemplatedEmail())
            ->from(new Address($emailAsync->getSenderEmail()))
            ->to(new Address($emailAsync->getRecipient()))
            ->subject($emailAsync->getSubject())
            ->htmlTemplate($emailAsync->getBodyHtmlTemplate())
            ->textTemplate($emailAsync->getBodyTextTemplate())
            ->context($emailAsync->getContext());

        $this->mailer->send($emailToSend);
    }
}

# config/packages/messenger.yaml
framework:
    messenger:
        # 配置异步传输，例如使用 RabbitMQ, Redis, 或 Doctrine
        transports:
            async: '%env(MESSENGER_TRANSPORT_DSN)%'

        routing:
            # 将自定义的 EmailAsync 消息路由到异步传输
            'App\Message\EmailAsync': async
            # 确保 Symfony\Component\Mailer\Messenger\SendEmailMessage 没有被路由到 async
            # 如果不在这里指定，它将默认走同步路径，这是我们希望的。
            # 如果你需要一个完全同步的 MailerInterface::send()，请不要在此处添加 SendEmailMessage 的路由。

// src/Service/MailManagerAsync.php
namespace App\Service;

use App\Message\EmailAsync;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;

class MailManagerAsync
{
    protected MessageBusInterface $bus;
    private string $defaultSenderEmail; // 可以通过构造函数注入或配置获取

    public function __construct(MessageBusInterface $bus, string $defaultSenderEmail = 'noreply@example.com')
    {
        $this->bus = $bus;
        $this->defaultSenderEmail = $defaultSenderEmail;
    }

    public function sendAsyncMessage(
        string $subject,
        string $htmlTemplate,
        ?string $textTemplate,
        string $to,
        array $context = []
    ): void {
        $emailAsync = new EmailAsync(
            $subject,
            $htmlTemplate,
            $textTemplate,
            $to,
            $context,
            $this->defaultSenderEmail
        );
        $this->bus->dispatch($emailAsync);
    }
}

// src/Service/MailManagerSync.php
namespace App\Service;

use Symfony\Component\Mime\Address;
use Symfony\Bridge\Twig\Mime\TemplatedEmail;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;

class MailManagerSync
{
    protected MailerInterface $mailer;
    private string $defaultSenderEmail; // 可以通过构造函数注入或配置获取

    public function __construct(MailerInterface $mailer, string $defaultSenderEmail = 'noreply@example.com')
    {
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
        $this->defaultSenderEmail = $defaultSenderEmail;
    }

    public function sendSyncMessage(
        string $subject,
        string $htmlTemplate,
        ?string $textTemplate,
        string $to,
        array $context = []
    ): void {
        $email = (new TemplatedEmail())
            ->from(new Address($this->defaultSenderEmail))
            ->to(new Address($to))
            ->subject($subject)
            ->htmlTemplate($htmlTemplate)
            ->textTemplate($textTemplate)
            ->context($context);

        $this->mailer->send($email);
    }
}