Symfony邮件发送：从即时发送到定时调度的实现策略

// src/Command/NewOppsEmailCommand.php
namespace App\Command;

use App\Services\EmailerService;
use App\Services\OppEmailService;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Twig\Environment; // 如果需要直接在命令中处理Twig，但通常在邮件服务中处理

class NewOppsEmailCommand extends Command
{
    protected static $defaultName = 'app:send:newoppsemails'; // 定义命令名称

    private OppEmailService $oppEmail;
    private EmailerService $mailer; // 注意：此处的mailer是EmailerService，而非MailerInterface
    private Environment $twig; // 通常在EmailerService中注入

    public function __construct(OppEmailService $oppEmail, EmailerService $mailer, Environment $twig)
    {
        $this->oppEmail = $oppEmail;
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
        $this->twig = $twig;
        parent::__construct();
    }

    protected function configure()
    {
        $this->setDescription('发送关于新机会的邮件给注册用户'); // 命令描述
    }

    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
    {
        // 调用OppEmailService来处理邮件发送逻辑
        $emailsSentCount = $this->oppEmail->oppEmail();

        $output->writeln(sprintf('%d 封邮件已发送', $emailsSentCount));

        return Command::SUCCESS; // 命令执行成功
    }
}

// src/Services/OppEmailService.php
namespace App\Services;

use App\Entity\OppEmail; // 假设有一个实体来存储待发送的邮件任务
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;

class OppEmailService
{
    private EntityManagerInterface $em;
    private EmailerService $mailer; // 注入邮件组装与发送服务

    public function __construct(EmailerService $mailer, EntityManagerInterface $em)
    {
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
        $this->em = $em;
    }

    /**
     * 发送新机会邮件给注册志愿者
     * @return int 返回发送的邮件数量
     */
    public function oppEmail(): int
    {
        // 从数据库中查找所有未发送的邮件任务
        $unsentEmails = $this->em->getRepository(OppEmail::class)->findBy(['sent' => false], ['volunteer' => 'ASC']);

        if (empty($unsentEmails)) {
            return 0; // 没有待发送的邮件
        }

        $emailsSentCount = 0;
        foreach ($unsentEmails as $recipient) {
            // 组装邮件参数
            $mailParams = [
                'template' => 'Email/volunteer_opportunities.html.twig',
                'context' => [
                    'fname' => $recipient->getVolunteer()->getFname(), // 从OppEmail实体获取志愿者信息
                    'opps' => $recipient->getOpportunities(), // 从OppEmail实体获取机会信息
                ],
                'recipient' => $recipient->getVolunteer()->getEmail(),
                'subject' => '新机会通知',
            ];

            // 调用EmailerService发送邮件
            $this->mailer->assembleEmail($mailParams);

            // 标记邮件为已发送并持久化
            $recipient->setSent(true);
            $this->em->persist($recipient);
            $emailsSentCount++;
        }
        $this->em->flush(); // 批量保存更改

        return $emailsSentCount;
    }
}

// src/Services/EmailerService.php
namespace App\Services;

use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;
use Symfony\Bridge\Twig\Mime\TemplatedEmail;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;
use App\Entity\Person; // 假设有一个Person实体来获取发件人信息

class EmailerService
{
    private EntityManagerInterface $em;
    private MailerInterface $mailer; // 注入Symfony的邮件发送器

    public function __construct(EntityManagerInterface $em, MailerInterface $mailer)
    {
        $this->em = $em;
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
    }

    /**
     * 组装并发送邮件
     * @param array $mailParams 包含 'template', 'context', 'recipient', 'subject' 的数组
     * @return TemplatedEmail 返回已发送的邮件对象
     */
    public function assembleEmail(array $mailParams): TemplatedEmail
    {
        // 从数据库中获取发件人信息（例如，配置了mailer=true的管理员）
        $sender = $this->em->getRepository(Person::class)->findOneBy(['mailer' => true]);

        // 构建TemplatedEmail对象
        $email = (new TemplatedEmail())
            ->to($mailParams['recipient'])
            ->from($sender->getEmail()) // 使用从数据库获取的发件人邮箱
            ->subject($mailParams['subject'])
            ->htmlTemplate($mailParams['template']) // 指定Twig模板
            ->context($mailParams['context']); // 传入模板上下文数据

        // 使用Symfony MailerInterface发送邮件
        $this->mailer->send($email);

        return $email;
    }
}

# 打开 cron 编辑器
crontab -e

# 添加以下行（假设您的Symfony项目位于 /var/www/my_symfony_app）
0 1 * * * cd /var/www/my_symfony_app && php bin/console app:send:newoppsemails >> /var/log/symfony_emails.log 2>&1