如何在Golang中测试接口返回结果_Golang接口结果断言方法

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"message": "hello", "status": "ok"})
}

func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
    w := httptest.NewRecorder()

    handler(w, req)

    // 断言状态码
    if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
        t.Errorf("期望状态码 %d，实际得到 %d", http.StatusOK, w.Code)
    }

    // 读取响应体
    var resp map[string]string
    err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("解析 JSON 失败: %v", err)
    }

    // 断言字段值
    if resp["message"] != "hello" {
        t.Errorf("期望 message 为 hello，实际为 %s", resp["message"])
    }
    if resp["status"] != "ok" {
        t.Errorf("期望 status 为 ok，实际为 %s", resp["status"])
    }
}

go get github.com/stretchr/testify

import (
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "encoding/json"
    "testing"
    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestHandlerWithAssert(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
    w := httptest.NewRecorder()

    handler(w, req)

    // 断言状态码
    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)

    var resp map[string]string
    err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
    assert.NoError(t, err)

    // 断言响应内容
    assert.Equal(t, "hello", resp["message"])
    assert.Equal(t, "ok", resp["status"])
}

type User struct {
    ID   int    `json:"id"`
    Name string `json:"name"`
}

func usersHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode([]User{{ID: 1, Name: "Alice"}, {ID: 2, Name: "Bob"}})
}

func TestUsersHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/users", nil)
    w := httptest.NewRecorder()

    usersHandler(w, req)

    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)

    var users []User
    err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &users)
    assert.NoError(t, err)
    assert.Len(t, users, 2)
    assert.Equal(t, "Alice", users[0].Name)
    assert.Equal(t, 2, users[1].ID)
}

expected := `{"status": "ok", "message": "hello"}`
assert.JSONEq(t, expected, w.Body.String())