Symfony异步邮件发送的挑战与调度解决方案

// 假设您已经注入了 MessageBusInterface $bus
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Mime\Email;

// ...
public function sendAsyncEmail(MessageBusInterface $bus, Email $email)
{
    // 将Email对象封装成一个消息，然后派发
    // 您可能需要创建一个自定义的EmailMessage类来封装Email对象
    $bus->dispatch(new YourEmailMessage($email));
}

// 示例：OppEmail实体（简化）
namespace App\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

/**
 * @ORM\Entity(repositoryClass="App\Repository\OppEmailRepository")
 */
class OppEmail
{
    /**
     * @ORM\Id()
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue()
     * @ORM\Column(type="integer")
     */
    private $id;

    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="App\Entity\Volunteer")
     * @ORM\JoinColumn(nullable=false)
     */
    private $volunteer;

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="array")
     */
    private $opportunities = [];

    /**
     * @ORM\Column(type="boolean")
     */
    private $sent = false;

    // ... getters and setters ...
}

// src/Command/NewOppsEmailCommand.php
namespace App\Command;

use App\Service\OppEmailService; // 假设您的邮件处理服务在此命名空间
use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface; // 如果需要直接在命令中使用Mailer
use Twig\Environment; // 如果需要直接在命令中使用Twig

class NewOppsEmailCommand extends Command
{
    protected static $defaultName = 'app:send:newoppsemails'; // 定义命令名称

    private $oppEmailService;
    // 如果EmailerService或其他服务需要MailerInterface或Twig，通常通过它们注入，而不是直接注入到Command

    public function __construct(OppEmailService $oppEmailService)
    {
        $this->oppEmailService = $oppEmailService;
        parent::__construct();
    }

    protected function configure()
    {
        $this->setDescription('发送关于新机会的邮件给注册用户'); // 命令描述
    }

    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
    {
        $output->writeln('开始发送新机会邮件...');

        // 调用邮件处理服务来执行实际的发送逻辑
        $emailsSentCount = $this->oppEmailService->sendNewOpportunityEmails();

        $output->writeln(sprintf('%d 封邮件已发送。', $emailsSentCount));

        return Command::SUCCESS;
    }
}

// src/Service/OppEmailService.php
namespace App\Service;

use App\Entity\OppEmail;
use App\Repository\OppEmailRepository;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;

class OppEmailService
{
    private $em;
    private $emailerService; // 邮件构建和实际发送的服务

    public function __construct(EntityManagerInterface $em, EmailerService $emailerService)
    {
        $this->em = $em;
        $this->emailerService = $emailerService;
    }

    /**
     * 发送新的机会邮件给注册志愿者
     * @return int 返回发送的邮件数量
     */
    public function sendNewOpportunityEmails(): int
    {
        // 从数据库中获取所有未发送的OppEmail记录
        $unsentEmails = $this->em->getRepository(OppEmail::class)->findBy(['sent' => false]);

        if (empty($unsentEmails)) {
            return 0; // 没有待发送邮件
        }

        $emailsSentCount = 0;
        foreach ($unsentEmails as $recipientEmail) {
            // 构建邮件参数
            $mailParams = [
                'template' => 'Email/volunteer_opportunities.html.twig',
                'context' => [
                    'fname' => $recipientEmail->getVolunteer()->getFname(),
                    'opps' => $recipientEmail->getOpportunities(),
                ],
                'recipient' => $recipientEmail->getVolunteer()->getEmail(),
                'subject' => '新的志愿者机会',
            ];

            try {
                // 调用EmailerService来组装并发送邮件
                $this->emailerService->assembleAndSendEmail($mailParams);

                // 邮件发送成功后，更新记录状态
                $recipientEmail->setSent(true);
                $this->em->persist($recipientEmail);
                $emailsSentCount++;
            } catch (\Exception $e) {
                // 记录错误，但不中断整个批处理
                // 您可能需要更复杂的错误处理和重试机制
                error_log("发送邮件到 " . $recipientEmail->getVolunteer()->getEmail() . " 失败: " . $e->getMessage());
            }
        }

        // 批量刷新到数据库
        $this->em->flush();

        return $emailsSentCount;
    }
}

// src/Service/EmailerService.php
namespace App\Service;

use App\Entity\Person; // 假设发送者信息存储在Person实体中
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;
use Symfony\Bridge\Twig\Mime\TemplatedEmail;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Mime\Address; // 用于构建From地址

class EmailerService
{
    private $em;
    private $mailer;

    public function __construct(EntityManagerInterface $em, MailerInterface $mailer)
    {
        $this->em = $em;
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
    }

    /**
     * 组装并发送邮件
     * @param array $mailParams 包含 template, context, recipient, subject 的数组
     * @return TemplatedEmail 返回发送的邮件对象
     */
    public function assembleAndSendEmail(array $mailParams): TemplatedEmail
    {
        // 从数据库获取邮件发送者信息
        $sender = $this->em->getRepository(Person::class)->findOneBy(['mailer' => true]);
        if (!$sender) {
            throw new \RuntimeException('未找到邮件发送者信息。');
        }

        // 构建TemplatedEmail对象
        $email = (new TemplatedEmail())
            ->to(new Address($mailParams['recipient'])) // 确保收件人是Address对象
            ->from(new Address($sender->getEmail(), $sender->getName() ?? '')) // 发件人信息
            ->subject($mailParams['subject'])
            ->htmlTemplate($mailParams['template'])
            ->context($mailParams['context'])
        ;

        // 实际发送邮件
        $this->mailer->send($email);

        return $email;
    }
}

# 编辑你的crontab文件
crontab -e

# 添加以下一行（示例：每天凌晨2点执行）
0 2 * * * /usr/bin/php /path/to/your/symfony/project/bin/console app:send:newoppsemails --env=prod >> /var/log/symfony_emails.log 2>&1