Java继承与接口实现：常见错误解析与最佳实践

public String getName(String name){
  return name;
}

// 修正后的Hatter类部分代码示例
public String getName(){ // 不带参数
  return this.name; // 返回实例变量name
}
public String getWeapon(){ // 不带参数
  return this.weapon; // 返回实例变量weapon
}
public int getHealth(){ // 不带参数
  return this.health; // 返回实例变量health
}

// 修正后的Alice类部分代码示例
public String getName(){
  return name;
}
public String getWeapon(){
  return weapon;
}
public int getHealth(){
  return health;
}

// 修正后的Chesire类部分代码示例
@Override
public void heal(){
  // Chesire特有的治疗逻辑，或者调用super.heal()
  super.heal(); // 调用父类Hatter的heal方法
  System.out.println(getName() + " found a way to regenerate! New status: " + (this.health));
}

// Heal.java
public interface Heal {
    void heal();
}

// Hatter.java
public class Hatter implements Heal {
  private String name;
  private String weapon;
  private int health;

  public Hatter(String name, String weapon, int health){
    this.name = name;
    this.weapon = weapon;
    this.health = health;
  }

  public void hitByJabberwocky(){
    this.health -= 25;
    if(this.health <= 0){
      this.health = 0;
    }
    System.out.println("OH NO, " + getName() +" got hurt by a " + getWeapon() + ". Health has lowered by 25. New status: " + this.health );
    if(this.health == 0){
      System.out.println(getName() + " is no longer in the fight against the bloody red queen...");
    }
  }

  // 修正后的getter方法
  public String getName(){
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name){
    this.name = name;
  }
  // 修正后的getter方法
  public String getWeapon(){
    return weapon;
  }
  public void setWeapon(String weapon){
    this.weapon = weapon;
  }
  // 修正后的getter方法
  public int getHealth(){
    return health;
  }
  public void setHealth(int health){
    this.health = health;
  }

  @Override
  public void heal(){
    this.health += 100;
    System.out.println(getName() + " found strength from Alice! New status: " + this.health);
  }
}

// Alice.java
import java.util.*;

public class Alice implements Heal {

  private int health;
  private String name;
  private String weapon;
  private ArrayList<String> cookies = new ArrayList<>(); // 初始化时创建一次

  public Alice(String name, String weapon, int health){
    this.name = name;
    this.weapon = weapon;
    this.health = health;
    // this.cookies = cookies; // 这一行是多余的，cookies已在声明时初始化
    cookies.add("Eat me");
    cookies.add("Try me");
  }

  // Scanner应作为实例变量，但在此示例中，我们简化处理，或在方法内创建
  // 如果Scanner是实例变量，需要注意资源关闭
  // private Scanner a = new Scanner(System.in); // 如果这样定义，需要在使用后关闭

  public void eatCookie(){ // 简化方法签名，不传入cookies参数
    Scanner a = new Scanner(System.in); // 在方法内部创建，用完即关闭
    System.out.println("Alice has a choice between two cookies! Which cookie should she try 1 or 2?");
    int choiceCookie = a.nextInt();
    switch(choiceCookie){
      case 1: System.out.println(" Wow you made a good call! The eat me cookie made you grow into a GIANT. This will definitely help in your fight against the red queen. Health goes up by 50! New Status:" + (this.health += 50));
        break;
      case 2: System.out.println("OH NO! The try me cookie was a mistake, it made you shrink almost rendering you useless for battle! Health goes down 60 points. New Status: " + (this.health -= 80));
        break;
      default: System.out.println("We only have two cookies to choose from, make a good choice!");
    }
    a.close(); // 关闭Scanner资源
  }

  public void hitByRedqueen(){
    this.health -= 20;
    if(this.health <= 0){
      this.health = 0;
    }
    System.out.println("Oh man! " + getName() + " got hit by the Red Queen and loses 30 points from health. New status:" + this.health);
    if(this.health == 0){
      System.out.println(getName() + " is too weak to keep fighting, without her the fight against the red queen is over. THE BLOODY RED QUEEN HAS WON!");
    }
  }

  // 修正后的getter方法
  public String getName(){
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name){
    this.name = name;
  }
  // 修正后的getter方法
  public String getWeapon(){
    return weapon;
  }
  public void setWeapon(String weapon){
    this.weapon = weapon;
  }
  // 修正后的getter方法
  public int getHealth(){
    return health;
  }
  public void setHealth(int health){
    this.health = health;
  }

  @Override