本文介绍使用PyInstaller打包Python项目的方法，以OCR截屏识别助手为例。先讲PyInstaller简介、环境准备和主要命令参数，再通过示例演示打包流程，包括处理多文件、UI资源、精简依赖和调整import路径，还提及Windows环境打包及效果。
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该项目的灵感来自一个现实的需求，现在有时候会遇到一些文档不能复制，但又不想装非常笨重、可能带广告、收费的文字处理软件，怎么办呢？
首先，要再次感谢7hinc童鞋——不好意思，又抢生意来了
他的项目超好用的OCR截屏识别助手只用了3个Python文件和一个前端UI文件，就提供了比较完整的截图OCR识别功能。
但这个项目是基于Python的，并且依赖于非常强大的PaddleHub模型库和PaddleOCR项目——换言之，它依赖包很多。
如果我们想在另一台机器上运行，或者分享给不了解这方面技术的同事该怎么办呢？总不能再装一遍环境吧？
由此，就引发了这个项目：如何将Python打包？当然，这里必须要提前说明——
立即学习“Python免费学习笔记（深入）”；
本文没有教如何打包Paddle各类库，包括PaddleOCR——为什么？
首先，用百度智能云开发者中心的免费API调用次数不香吗
其次，本文会做个简单解释，告诉大家——实在太难了，此路真不通
没错，我们需要用到的打包工具就是PyInstaller，这是它的最新文档。看看它官网自己咋说的——
PyInstaller bundles a Python application and all its dependencies into a single package. The user can run the packaged app without installing a Python interpreter or any modules. PyInstaller supports Python > > 3.5 or newer, and correctly bundles the major Python packages such as numpy, PyQt, Django, wxPython, and others.
PyInstaller is tested against Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux. However, it is not a cross-compiler: to make a Windows app you run PyInstaller in Windows; to make a GNU/Linux app you run it in GNU/Linux, etc. > PyInstaller has been used successfully with AIX, Solaris, FreeBSD and OpenBSD but testing against them is not part of our continuous integration tests.
PyInstaller支持在Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux三个主流平台打包，Python版本要3.5以上，环境依赖库要安装正确。在不同的平台上使用 PyInstaller 工具的方法是一样的，它们支持的选项也是一样的。
同时，我们也会发现PyInstaller的打包依赖于它所在的操作系统，也就是说，我们在Linux平台打的包，就只适合在Linux环境中运行，Windows上启动不起来的。
如何用PyInstaller呢？其实安装很简单，使用也很简单，但是——对环境要求比较高，如果在本机上没装好C++库，经常没有报错——缺这个DLL,缺那个DLL……
所以这里建议大家，如果要在本地的Windows系统上打包，最好不要偷懒，也不要心疼存储空间和那点时间，老老实实把Visual Studio 2019装起来吧——社区版就行了，它会自动把各种DLL依赖都准备好，通常在开发过程中就很少遇到类似报错了。
具体用法可以参考PyInstaller的用户手册
| -D, --onedir | 默认会生成一个文件夹 |
| -F, --onefile | 指定生成一个单独的可执行文件 |
| --specpath DIR | 指定spec文件的生成目录。默认使用当前目录来生成spec文件 |
| -n NAME, --name NAME | |
| 指定项目（产生的 spec）名字。如果省略该选项，那么第一个脚本的主文件名将作为 spec 的名字 | |
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, os.pathsep (which is ; on Windows and : on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times.非二进制文件通过设置这个参数打包
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times.显式指定要import的依赖
从学习的曲线来看，遇到新事物的时候还是建议循序渐进，比如找一个简单的Demo开始运行。所以这里提供了两个基础示例。
因为pyqt的GUI窗口在AI Studio上看不到，所以我们就先用img2pdf.py演示打包的流程和效果
# 首先，要确认python代码正确!python img2pdf.py
hec ['01.jpg', '02.jpg'] 输出文件名称： 3D2.pdf
# 安装pyinstaller!pip install pyinstaller
Looking in indexes: https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting pyinstaller
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/9e/ed/fbdad7f5d8f794c901076b814b8e9f5ce31d32c0bc3b63ddd27b61db9530/pyinstaller-4.1.tar.gz (3.5MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 3.5MB 10.7MB/s eta 0:00:01
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Collecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib>=2020.6 (from pyinstaller)
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/a4/11/90ac24147907d9b7302983ec66ae46b045b47212906101cc82d9204c798d/pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2020.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (172kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 174kB 26.8MB/s eta 0:00:01
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pyinstaller) (41.4.0)
Collecting altgraph (from pyinstaller)
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/ee/3d/bfca21174b162f6ce674953f1b7a640c1498357fa6184776029557c25399/altgraph-0.17-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: pyinstaller
Building wheel for pyinstaller (PEP 517) ... done
Created wheel for pyinstaller: filename=pyinstaller-4.1-cp37-none-any.whl size=2790249 sha256=05cdd9cb8a71582013c50d28e248972bc8f80e6a03e802723f57994d6c0e8a6d
Stored in directory: /home/aistudio/.cache/pip/wheels/fe/90/a2/7dc78a5ca953100aad6b663aae16db9962df27264f2d4ebb87
Successfully built pyinstaller
Installing collected packages: pyinstaller-hooks-contrib, altgraph, pyinstaller
Successfully installed altgraph-0.17 pyinstaller-4.1 pyinstaller-hooks-contrib-2020.11# 打包!pyinstaller -F img2pdf.py
31 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.1 31 INFO: Python: 3.7.4 (conda) 32 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-166-generic-x86_64-with-debian-stretch-sid 32 INFO: wrote /home/aistudio/img2pdf.spec 34 INFO: UPX is not available. 35 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['/home/aistudio', '/home/aistudio'] 45 INFO: checking Analysis 45 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 45 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 47 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 52 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 2593 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 2657 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 2671 INFO: Analyzing /home/aistudio/img2pdf.py 3330 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_find_module_path/hook-distutils.py'. 3331 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7' 4320 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_safe_import_module/hook-setuptools.extern.six.moves.py'. 4664 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/pre_find_module_path/hook-site.py'. 4664 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/fake-modules' 7977 INFO: Processing module hooks... 7977 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pycparser.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib/hooks/stdhooks'... 7978 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 7979 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib 7979 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 7981 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq 7981 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 7981 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8428 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py33compat from module setuptools.depends 8428 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py33compat from module setuptools.package_index 8430 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.command.easy_install 8430 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.package_index 8430 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pkg_resources.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8761 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib/hooks/pre_safe_import_module/hook-win32com.py'. 8802 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.py2_warn" not found! 8802 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.markers" not found! 8804 INFO: Excluding import of __main__ from module pkg_resources 8805 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8811 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.util.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8812 INFO: Excluding import of lib2to3.refactor from module distutils.util 8813 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-lib2to3.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8834 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy._pytesttester.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8836 INFO: Excluding import of pytest from module numpy._pytesttester 8836 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8879 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8955 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8955 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-multiprocessing.util.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8956 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'test' 8957 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 8957 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.core.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9004 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.Image.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9353 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9356 INFO: Excluding import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk 9356 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk' 9357 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5 from module PIL.ImageQt 9358 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9358 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9360 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle 9360 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.ImageFilter.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9361 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module PIL.ImageFilter 9362 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.msvc.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9363 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module setuptools.msvc 9363 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-_tkinter.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9441 INFO: checking Tree 9442 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent 9442 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc 9448 INFO: checking Tree 9448 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent 9448 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc 9488 INFO: checking Tree 9488 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-02.toc is non existent 9488 INFO: Building Tree Tree-02.toc 9491 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 9494 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk' 9509 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 9576 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 9582 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py' 9585 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_pkgres.py' 9591 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 10343 INFO: Looking for eggs 10343 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching... 10355 INFO: Using Python library /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.0 10363 INFO: Warnings written to /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/warn-img2pdf.txt 10397 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/xref-img2pdf.html 10412 INFO: checking PYZ 10412 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 10412 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/PYZ-00.pyz 11198 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/img2pdf/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 11206 INFO: checking PKG 11206 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 11206 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 25664 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 25666 INFO: Bootloader /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run 25666 INFO: checking EXE 25666 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 25666 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 25667 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /home/aistudio/dist/img2pdf 25697 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
注意打包前后的变化：
Perl学习手札是台湾perl高手写的一篇文章，特打包为chm版，方便大家阅读。 关于本书 1. 关于Perl 1.1 Perl的历史 1.2 Perl的概念 1.3 特色 1.4 使用Perl的环境 1.5 开始使用 Perl 1.6 你的第一个Perl程序 2. 标量变量(Scalar) 2.1 关于标量 2.1.1 数值 2.1.2 字符串 2.1.3 数字与字符串转换 2.2 使用你自己的变量 2.3 赋值 2.3.1 直接设定 2.3.2 还可以这样 2.4 运算 2.5 变量的输出/输入 2.
0
打包出来的文件就在dist目录下
# 测试打包结果，注意，由于python代码原因，pdf文件存到了dist目录下!cd dist && ./img2pdf
hec ['01.jpg', '02.jpg'] 输出文件名称： 3D2.pdf
editor.py是一个简单的基于PYQT5实现的示例，尝试在Linux/Windows环境对其打包。
# 注意，pyqt5版本过高会报错，这里选了个不会报错的版本!pip install pyqt5==5.12.0
Looking in indexes: https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting pyqt5==5.12.0
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/01/8c/eeff014306fcdbb8afda0fe603d1b458dddf2be0ca10d561b0015e439357/PyQt5-5.12-5.12.1_a-cp35.cp36.cp37.cp38-abi3-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (61.1MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 61.1MB 8.5MB/s eta 0:00:01
Collecting PyQt5_sip<4.20,>=4.19.14 (from pyqt5==5.12.0)
Downloading https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/packages/bf/63/d363b567237375235d270049fd6416c83949f470bb51539458966cd7a38c/PyQt5_sip-4.19.19-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (67kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 71kB 13.5MB/s eta 0:00:01
Installing collected packages: PyQt5-sip, pyqt5
Successfully installed PyQt5-sip-4.19.19 pyqt5-5.12!pyinstaller -F editor.py --hidden-import pyqt5
31 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.1 31 INFO: Python: 3.7.4 (conda) 31 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-166-generic-x86_64-with-debian-stretch-sid 31 INFO: wrote /home/aistudio/editor.spec 33 INFO: UPX is not available. 34 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['/home/aistudio', '/home/aistudio'] 44 INFO: checking Analysis 44 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 44 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 46 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 51 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 2576 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 2641 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 2655 INFO: Analyzing /home/aistudio/editor.py 2684 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'pyqt5' 2685 ERROR: Hidden import 'pyqt5' not found 2685 INFO: Processing module hooks... 2685 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2759 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2760 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib 2761 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2761 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq 2761 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2772 WARNING: Hidden import "sip" not found! 2773 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2859 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2906 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 2945 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 3143 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks'... 3144 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle 3151 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 3151 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 3153 INFO: Including run-time hook '/opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/hooks/rthooks/pyi_rth_pyqt5.py' 3156 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 4859 INFO: Looking for eggs 4859 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching... 4869 INFO: Using Python library /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.0 4872 INFO: Warnings written to /home/aistudio/build/editor/warn-editor.txt 4887 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /home/aistudio/build/editor/xref-editor.html 4894 INFO: checking PYZ 4894 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 4894 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/editor/PYZ-00.pyz 5283 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /home/aistudio/build/editor/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 5286 INFO: checking PKG 5286 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 5286 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 64713 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 64717 INFO: Bootloader /opt/conda/envs/python35-paddle120-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run 64717 INFO: checking EXE 64717 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 64717 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 64718 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /home/aistudio/dist/editor 64865 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
在Windows上打包也是相同的操作，最终效果如下，双击打开可执行文件，就能出现GUI界面了
这里给出打包过程日志供参考
(python37) F:labelImg>pyinstaller -F editor.py --hidden-import pyqt5 178 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6 178 INFO: Python: 3.7.7 (conda) 180 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0 182 INFO: wrote F:labelImgeditor.spec 184 INFO: UPX is not available. 200 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['F:\', 'F:\labelImg'] 208 INFO: checking Analysis 209 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 209 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 215 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 232 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 2196 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils 2199 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\Users\user\anaconda3\envs\python37\lib'3772 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 3882 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 3900 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python.exe 4426 INFO: Analyzing F:labelImgeditor.py 4482 INFO: Analyzing hidden import 'pyqt5'4483 ERROR: Hidden import 'pyqt5' not found 4483 INFO: Processing module hooks... 4483 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"... 4486 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 4567 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 4569 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"... 4800 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"... 4932 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"... 5143 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"... 5429 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"... 5432 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 5695 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 5696 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 5698 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'5709 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 6959 INFO: Looking for eggs 6959 INFO: Using Python library C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python37.dll 6960 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 6977 INFO: Warnings written to F:labelImguildeditorwarn-editor.txt 7014 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to F:labelImguildeditorxref-editor.html 7043 INFO: checking PYZ 7044 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 7044 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:labelImguildeditorPYZ-00.pyz 7410 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:labelImguildeditorPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 7422 INFO: checking PKG 7422 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 7422 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 18126 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 18133 INFO: Bootloader C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bit un.exe 18133 INFO: checking EXE 18133 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 18133 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 18134 INFO: Appending archive to EXE F:labelImgdisteditor.exe 18240 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
OCR截图小工具的打包，涉及到4个小知识点，分别是：
- 多文件处理 —— 其实就是在命令行里把3个python文件都写进去
- UI资源文件处理 —— 使用--add-data设置
- 精简依赖处理 —— 尽量不要直接import，能from……import……就这么写；强烈不建议直接打包飞桨套件，改为API调用
- import路径调整的处理 —— 为什么打包后会闪退？原来前面的操作会导致打包后inference目录下的两个文件跑到当前目录来了
因此，最终打包命令就是：
pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui;." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py
# 解压查看截图识别助手源代码!unzip data/data57331/ScreenRec.zip -d ./work/
Archive: data/data57331/ScreenRec.zip creating: ./work/ScreenRec/ inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/README.md inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/Shapely-1.7.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl creating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/ inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/interface.py inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/interface/interface.ui inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/main.py inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/requirements.txt inflating: ./work/ScreenRec/screen_rec.py
# 尝试直接打包，注意，在linux中--add-data的写法!cd work/ScreenRec && pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui:." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py
我们会发现，执行时间会非常长，因为源代码中有一句import paddlehub as hub，等于需要把paddlehub，paddlepaddle，paddlepaddle的依赖统统打包…… 那么，有没有快一点的办法？当然有，其实源代码中也给出了解决方案，就是screen_rec.py这里：
# 使用PPOCR识别截图，返回识别结果
def imrec(self, img):
# 判断 识别方式
if self._way == "0":
ocr = hub.Module(name="chinese_ocr_db_crnn_mobile")
result = ocr.recognize_text(images=[img])
res = str() for data in result[0]["data"]:
res += data["text"] # 判断 是否需要保留样式
if self._keepStyle:
res += "
"
elif self._way == "1" or "2":
result = self.baiduAPI(img)
res = str() for words in result["words_result"]:
res += words["words"] if self._keepStyle:
res += "
"
return res也就是说，我们可以选择用百度API进行识别，比如到通用场景文字识别申请一个API_Key和Secret_Key,替换掉源代码中的内容（源代码的KEY已经不能用了），然后注释掉import paddlehub as hub，删除本地模式等。
每天500次免费调用量，还是够用的吧
如果懒得改太多代码，该文件只需要改前几行即可：
# 打包导致路径变化，需修改# from interface.interface import Ui_MainWindowfrom interface import Ui_MainWindowfrom PIL import Image, ImageGrabimport cv2import numpy as npfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow# 注释掉# import paddlehub as hub import requestsimport base64import pyperclipfrom datetime import datetimeclass run(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setupUi(self)
self._keepStyle = False
self._toClipboard = True
self._way = "1" # 默认走API预测
self.API_Key = "lvM38ECpObMh25YY2qd7vc7R" # 请换成读者自己的KEY
self.Secret_Key = "qQG1Do5I8fZivvCiFCchXnQFI8aNGymd" # 请换成读者自己的KEY同样的main.py因为打包路径的问题，也要做一些修改，将from interface import interface改为import interface
!cd work/ScreenRec && pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui:." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py
打包后运行时查看日志：通过命令行运行可执行程序，可以debug用
打包成功效果展示
打包过程日志——日志告诉我们，WARNING不会影响打包结果，这些lib找不到没关系
(python37) F:ScreenRec>pyinstaller -F --add-data="interface/interface.ui;." main.py screen_rec.py interface/interface.py 73 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6 74 INFO: Python: 3.7.7 (conda) 74 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0 77 INFO: wrote F:ScreenRecmain.spec 79 INFO: UPX is not available. 80 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['F:\ScreenRec', 'F:\ScreenRec', 'F:\ScreenRec\interface', 'F:\ScreenRec'] 81 INFO: checking Analysis 81 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 81 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 85 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 91 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 1772 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils 1773 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\Users\user\anaconda3\envs\python37\lib'3015 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 3131 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 3150 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python.exe 3444 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecmain.py 5367 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves 5857 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site 5858 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'C:\Users\user\anaconda3\envs\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\fake-modules'9944 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook urllib3.packages.six.moves 11342 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves 12213 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecscreen_rec.py 12217 INFO: Analyzing F:ScreenRecinterfaceinterface.py 12221 INFO: Processing module hooks... 12222 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-certifi.py"... 12224 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cryptography.py"... 12481 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cv2.py"... 12482 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"... 12483 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 12563 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"... 12567 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"... 12674 INFO: MKL libraries found when importing numpy. Adding MKL to binaries 12678 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"... 12679 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"... 13145 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"... 13147 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt4'13149 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'13151 INFO: Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk 13152 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt5'13153 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtGui from module PIL.ImageQt 13157 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtCore from module PIL.ImageQt 13158 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'PySide'13158 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'13158 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"... 13160 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'13161 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'13162 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"... 13641 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com 13903 INFO: Excluding import '__main__'13905 INFO: Removing import of __main__ from module pkg_resources 13906 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pycparser.py"... 13909 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 13910 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"... 14051 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"... 14139 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"... 14351 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"... 14630 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pythoncom.py"... 15042 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pywintypes.py"... 15451 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.py"... 15454 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"... 16103 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"... 16105 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-win32com.py"... 16629 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 16709 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"... 16881 INFO: checking Tree 16881 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent 16881 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc 16956 INFO: checking Tree 16957 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent 16957 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc 17013 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 17051 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 17057 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'17059 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_certifi.py'17060 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'17062 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py'17064 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'17079 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 17392 WARNING: lib not found: pgc14.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll 17394 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll 17395 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90rtl.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_pgi_thread.dll 17412 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.dll 17467 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_msmpi_ilp64.dll 17583 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_mpich2_ilp64.dll 17637 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_mpich2_lp64.dll 17685 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_msmpi_lp64.dll 17929 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37Libraryinmkl_blacs_intelmpi_lp64.dll 19020 INFO: Looking for eggs 19021 INFO: Using Python library C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37python37.dll 19021 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 19033 INFO: Warnings written to F:ScreenRecuildmainwarn-main.txt 19146 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to F:ScreenRecuildmainxref-main.html 19187 INFO: Appending 'datas' from .spec 19190 INFO: checking PYZ 19192 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 19192 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:ScreenRecuildmainPYZ-00.pyz 20632 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) F:ScreenRecuildmainPYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 20664 INFO: checking PKG 20665 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 20665 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 95134 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 95144 INFO: Bootloader C:Usersusernaconda3envspython37libsite-packagesPyInstallerootloaderWindows-64bit un.exe 95145 INFO: checking EXE 95145 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 95145 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 95146 INFO: Appending archive to EXE F:ScreenRecdistmain.exe 96407 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
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